BACKGROUND The English health system experienced a large-scale reorganisation in April 2013. A national tri-partite delivery framework involving the Department of Health, NHS England and Public Health England was agreed and a new local operational model applied. Evidence about how health system re-organisations affect constituent public health programmes is sparse and focused on low and middle ...

BACKGROUND Rabies is a fatal infection and immunisation is important to consider in those travellers going to rabies endemic areas. In those at high risk, a course of three immunisations may be given by the intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) route, both of which are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Little is known in the New Zealand ...

In eastern Zambia, immunisation by 'infection and treatment' is the main method used to control East Coast fever, an acute and lethal cattle disease. This service, which requires a stringent cold chain, used to be free of charge. When a minimal user fee was introduced, attendance dropped drastically. Consequently, this complex immunisation programme was transferred to veterinary paraprofessiona...

A National Vaccine Safety Workshop was held at the University of Sydney on 17 November 2005. The workshop was sponsored by the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) and the National Immunisation Committee (NIC). It was attended by 40 invited representatives of federal, state and territory health depar...

OBJECTIVES Aggregate data on childhood immunisation from urban settings may not reflect the coverage among the urban poor. This study provides information on complete childhood immunisation coverage among the urban poor, and explores its household and neighbourhood-level determinants. SETTING Urban poor community in the Southeast district of Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS We randomly sampled 18...

INTRODUCTION This study reviewed the epidemiological trends of poliomyelitis from 1946 to 2010, and the impact of the national immunisation programme in raising the population herd immunity against poliovirus. We also traced the efforts Singapore has made to achieve certification of poliomyelitis eradication by the World Health Organisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidemiological data on all r...

For a seven year period (1985-91) clinical and epidemiological data were prospectively collected on children aged < 10 years with microbiologically confirmed invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in the Oxford region to study the epidemiology of the disease and determine the potential impact of early primary immunisation in infants. Computer records of primary immunisations given to ...

BACKGROUND Influenza immunisation confers benefits for the elderly. We attempted to increase the uptake of influenza vaccination in those aged 65 years and over in one general practice in Queensland. METHOD We used four strategies: a computer search for the target population; telephone recruitment and booking by our receptionist; removal of cost by bulk billing; and using nurse led immunisati...

While childhood immunisations are voluntary in the UK, healthcare staff strongly encourage uptake; this is endorsed by the Department of Health. While a few parents refuse immunisation outright, many more are uncertain about the risks and benefits. This uncertainty was exacerbated during the controversy over the mumps, measles and rubella vaccine. This prompted many studies exploring parents' v...

In 2012, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation recommended that the National Immunisation Programme for influenza be extended to include healthy children/adolescents aged 2-17 years. In the UK, extension of this new immunisation programme began in 2013-2014 and targeted children aged 2 years and 3 years in primary care. Several implementation pilots were undertaken in primary scho...