BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to evaluate the employees' subjective assessments of different aspects of lighting condition as well as task area illuminance in manufacturing plants. METHODS This field study was conducted between March and May 2013, in three packing plants (Saveh, central Iran). Data were collected by questionnaire and measurement of the task area illuminance levels. D...

PURPOSE To measure and quantify effects of variation in retinal illuminance on frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry. METHODS A Zeiss-Humphrey/Welch Allyn FDT perimeter was used with the threshold N-30 strategy. Study 1, quantifying adaptation: 11 eyes of 11 subjects (24-46 years old) were tested with natural pupils, and then retested after stable pupillary dilation with neutral densi...

We used a noninvasive technique to investigate changes in photoreceptor function with aging in observers 13-69 years of age. This technique, steady-state color matching, provides estimates of the optical density of cone photopigments, the illuminance that bleaches half of the photopigment, and the ratio of the primaries required at moderate light levels. In normal human retinas, we found that t...

Abstract Lighting is one of the crucial experiment factors in laboratory. Laboratory’s lighting system that follows Indonesian National Standard (SNI) can improve visual comfort during experiments. This research aims to determine effect strong column weak beam (SCWB) on illuminance laboratory according SNI 6197:2011. The results were expected provide recommendations for implementation SCWB so w...

To study the characteristics of light and dark adaptation in tunnel portals, to determine influencing factors light–dark vision adaptation, basic lighting linear design data were obtained. In this study, we used a light-shielded tent simulate environment tunnel, observe driver recognition time for target objects during process, analyze human vision. Based on experimental data, examined relation...

NURBS surface representation, combined with Differential Evolution (DE), enables us to perform automated non-imaging reflector design. The overall result is a simple automated nonimaging reflector design technique and only a little data such as desired illuminance distribution and searching limits are needed. Merit functions specific to non-imaging reflector design are presented. Using differen...