BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is a common disease caused by interplay between multiple determinants, including genetic and immune variations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the main indices of humoral and cellular branches of immunity, features of cytokine regulation and cytokine genes in children with atopic bronchial asthma (BA) with different levels of disease control. DESIGN Fifty children with...

BACKGROUND Maternal factors are implicated in the onset of childhood asthma. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes into pro-allergic T-helper 2 cells induces interleukin (IL)4 expression and inhibits interferon (IFN)γ expression accompanied by concordant methylation changes in the promoters of these genes. However, it has yet to be established whether maternal exposure to polycyclic aroma...

During the global COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of mortality and morbidity was fairly low in Pakistan compared to western countries. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination provides cross-protection for a broad range of related and unrelated pathogens. This protection is attributed to the recognition of broadly cross-reactive Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMPS) like molecules. We inve...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Tuberculosis is (TB) responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cytokines play a major role in defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding the various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with tuberculosis susceptibility. In this study we examined association of 25 sequence polymorphisms in s...

Inflammatory mediators are of considerable interest as potential therapeutic targets in various cancers. Here we investigate whether interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha (IL4Ralpha), a component of the receptor complex for the T helper 2 cytokines IL4 and IL13, plays a role in colonic tumorigenesis. IL4Ralpha protein expression was seen in tumor cells of 28/48 human colon adenocarcinomas on a tiss...

Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL4 and IL13, has significantly advanced the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, as few 1/3 patients with AD treated dupilumab achieve clear or almost skin. Although reasons for this are not fully understood, it been proposed suboptimal response in some may be related to immunologic heterogeneity AD. Here, we evaluate whether expression I...

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease affecting the skin, muscle, and lungs. Lenabasum, non-psychoactive cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) agonist, currently being investigated as non-immunosuppressive treatment option for DM. The activation of CB2R has been shown to reduce several key pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in Our lab previously demonstrated via immunoh...

Patients and method 50 atopic asthmatic children; (25 obese and 25 non obese), and 20 controls were involved in the study. Asthmatic children were with different clinical disease stages according to GINA. BMI was determined and peripheral blood samples were taken to determine IFNg, IL-4, and Leptin concentrations. Disease severity was assessed by asthma symptom score and its relation to other p...