Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine closely related to IL-12. Yet, despite a strong structural relationship that includes a shared p40 subunit, this does not translate into functional similarity. In fact, the opposite is true, in that these two cytokines appear to have profoundly different roles in regulating host immune responses. It is now clear that IL-23 has key roles in autoimm...

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease, affecting both the skin and joints. Disease progression is associated with aberrant cytokine expression, and TNF blockade is the most successful therapy to date. However, not all patients are responsive to anti-TNF treatment, highlighting the need to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern ...

T helper (Th) cells are known to differentiate into several distinct subsets depending on their environment. The Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing subset Th17, which was reported and named in 2005, has been extensively analyzed because a strong association with inflammatory disorders has been suggested. The condition in which Th17 cells are differentiated, critical transcription factors, and sim...

Background: Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a neurovascular disorder that occurs when a blood clot develops in a vein near the brain. Evaluating the subsequent changes in inflammatory cytokines can better reveal the underlying pathogeneses. Objective: To assess the serum levels of interleukin-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) and IL-17 (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in patients with as...