As of now, in the EU, all new buildings will have to comply with requirements for nearly zero energy (nZEB). Portugal defines limits maximum useful needs heating and primary establishes that 50% must be covered by local renewable sources, based on dwellings’ nominal condition use. However, actual use is different. Thus, a simulation tool used assess thermal comfort different conditions dwelling...

A rapid growing of smartphone market and its increasing revenue have developers to target multiple platforms. Each leading software company, e.g. Apple or Microsoft, develops its smartphone applications or apps complying with its own specifications. The specification of each platform makes a platform-dedicated application incompatible with other platforms due to the diversity of operating syste...

BACKGROUND In 1992, Congress enacted the Synar Amendment, requiring states and territories to enact a law prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors and to enforce that law in a manner that could reasonably be expected to decrease the availability of tobacco to minors. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was mandated to withhold block grant funding from noncompliant states. OBJE...

Researchers and clinicians operate in an increasingly complex clinical and regulatory environment in which understanding the principles governing human research is essential. However, most orthopaedic surgeons have not received in-depth training in regulatory requirements and scientific research methods. Ensuring that research is conducted in accordance with state and federal laws and ethical p...