The present experiment assessed whether prenatal stress (PS) can alter the ability of acute and chronic cocaine administration to increase and decrease the rewarding effectiveness of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), and also whether PS can affect the extinction of the MFB stimulation response. Adult male offspring of female rats that received PS or n...

Dysregulated dopamine transmission in striatal circuitry is associated with impulsivity. The current study evaluated the influence of dopaminergic inputs to the dorsolateral striatum on impulsive choice, one aspect of impulsive behavior. We implemented an operant task that measures impulsive choice in rats via delay discounting wherein intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was used as the positi...

OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess voice changes and laryngeal abnormalities in asthmatic patients using inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 30 patients (15 females; mean age 21.3±2.6 years; range, 17 to 26 years and 15 males; mean age 20.7±2.3 years; range, 16 to 27 years) with bronchial asthma treated with ICSs between May 2013 and December 2013. A spe...

The index datewas defined as the date of the first indicator of diabetes for cases and the date of selection for controls. The dose of ICSs was categorized as low (<251 mg/d, fluticasone propionate equivalents), medium (251-500 mg/d), high (>500 mg/d), or no use, and LABAwas classified as use (>_1 mg/d, salmeterol equivalents) or no use and measured on the index date. This study was approved by...

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as an alternative to endarterectomy (CEA) for treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery. The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) was a randomized trial comparing CAS with CEA in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. An analysis of short-term outcome data in ICSS revealed a significantly increased risk in the inci...

The involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is a matter of controversial debate. Using [Ca2+]i measurements by confocal laser scanning microscopy and field recordings of EPSPs (fEPSPs) in the hippocampal CA1-region, we found that the efficacy of the broad-spectrum mGluR-antagonist (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) and of ...

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to assess the usability of a new Internet-based Caregiver Support Service (ICSS) and evaluate its effects on health outcomes of Chinese Canadians who cared for a family member with dementia. Demographic and questionnaire data were collected from 28 participants, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 participants. Results showed that non-users reported ...

According to a report on industrial control system (ICS) security by ICS-CERT (2012), the number of incident reports in 2012 had multiplied to five times their 2010 level. The etiology of this rise is the integration of open and standardised technologies that are traditionally found in IT environments into ICS components, and the interconnection of ICSs to corporate networks and the internet. A...

abstract icssdom is a mathematical synthetic model that was written with fortran77 and in which used sa simulation annealing algorithm like an internal loop in basic structure of icss hydrodynamic simulation model. this model presented by mohseni movahed in 1381. this model is able assess current performance and present optimal operation considering downstream requirement of turnout in real con...

It has been suggested that septal nuclei are important in the control of behavior during various reward and non-reward situations. In the present study, neuronal activity was recorded from rat septal nuclei during discrimination of conditioned sensory stimuli (CSs) of the medial forebrain bundle associated with or without a reward (sucrose solution or intracranial self-stimulation, ICSS). Rats ...