7 Lidar remote sensing from three platforms – ground, airborne, and spaceborne – has 8 the capability to acquire direct three-dimensional measurements of the forest canopy that 9 are useful for estimating a variety of forest inventory parameters, including tree height, 10 volume, and biomass, and also for deriving useful information for characterizing wildlife 11 habitat or forest fuels. 12 The...

Slope and roughness are basic geophysical properties of terrain surface, also sources error in satellite laser altimetry systems. The full-waveform altimeter records the complete echo waveform backscattered from target surface worldwide, so it may be used for both range measurement inversion analysis geometric parameters surface. This paper proposes a new method slope bare or near-bare within f...

During the development of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), launched in 2003, it was understood that the values of surface pusle reflectance was an important design parameter for satellite laser altimeters and that the magnitude of observed pulse reflectance would have valuable applications. Thus a significant effort was made to obtain calibrated surface pulse reflectance from GLAS ...

Lop Sea, located at the east end of Tarim Basin, Northwest China, dried up permanently, which is terminal lake River. Sea was considered as basin Nor since Quaternary. However, possibility that away from in historical time crucial to be discussed interpret proxy records sediment profiles. To obtain a general view evolution and period, several approaches were adopted this paper. First, Qianlong ...

Answer of the Author : A large bibliography yet exists on the lidar measurements and instruments. A fully description of the LITE, GLAS and CALIOP lidar instruments can be found in each of the reference furnished in the article. You can see for the LITE instrument (Winker et al., 1996), for the GLAS instrument (Palm et al., 1998), and to finish for the CALIOP instrument (Winker et al., 2002) )....

Studies show that agricultural and animal feeding operations (AFOs) contribute a considerable amount of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere. Agricultural NH3 emissions are recognized as an important air quality issue. Biological decomposition of manure from dairy operations results in emissions of NH3 and other gases. There is a need to determine NH3 emission factors (EFs) to compile annual NH3 inv...

The ultimate goal of our multi-article series is to demonstrate the Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitation (ASRL) approach for mapping tree heights and biomass. This third article tests the feasibility of the optimized ASRL model over China at both site (14 meteorological stations) and continental scales. Tree heights from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data are used ...

The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), a spaceborne light detection and ranging (lidar) sensor, has acquired over 250 million lidar observations over forests globally, an unprecedented dataset of vegetation height information. To be useful, GLAS must be calibrated to measurements of height used in forestry inventory and ecology. Airborne discrete return lidar (DRL) can characterize veget...