This is the first in a series of papers highlighting applications reduced and coreduced modules. Let $R$ be commutative unital ring $I$ an ideal $R$. We show that $I$-reduced $R$-modules $I$-coreduced provide setting which Matlis-Greenless-May (MGM) Equivalence Greenless-May (GM) Duality hold. These two notions have been hitherto only known to exist derived category setting. realise $I$-torsion...

The concepts of free modules, projective modules, injective modules and the likeform an important area in module theory. The notion of free fuzzy modules was introducedby Muganda as an extension of free modules in the fuzzy context. Zahedi and Ameriintroduced the concept of projective and injective L-modules. In this paper we give analternate definition for projective L-modules. We prove that e...

let $r$ be a commutative ring with identity and $m$ be a finitely generated unital $r$-module. in this paper, first we give necessary and sufficient conditions that a finitely generated module to be a multiplication module. moreover, we investigate some conditions which imply that the module $m$ is the direct sum of some cyclic modules and free modules. then some properties of fitting ideals of...

The emerging discipline of evolutionary developmental biology has opened up many new lines of investigation into morphological evolution. Here I explore how two of the core theoretical concepts in ‘evo-devo’ – modularity and homology – apply to evolutionary psychology. I distinguish three sorts of module developmental, functional and mental modules and argue that mental modules need only be ‘vi...

Let I ⊂ R be a graded ideal in the polynomial ring R = K[x1, . . . , xn] where K is a field, and fix a term order <. It has been shown in [17] that the Hilbert functions of the local cohomology modules of R/I are bounded by those of R/ in(I), where in(I) denotes the initial ideal of I with respect to <. In this note we study the question when the local cohomology modules of R/I and R/ in(I) hav...