BACKGROUND Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a relatively rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that predominantly affects the apex of the left ventricle and typically has a nonobstructive physiology. Its variable presentation and clinical course render ApHCM a commonly delayed or missed diagnosis. CASE REPORT A 53-year-old Caucasian woman presented with chronic progressive chest...

485 The Editor, In the interesting report concerning the case of an apical variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also called as Yamaguchi syndrome published in Annals of Cardiac Anesthesia,[1] the authors stated that anesthetic management of these patients is similar to case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Therefore, alleviating sympathetic stimulation such as avoiding tachycardia,...

Infective endocarditis is a rare complication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It's estimated incidence is 1.4 per 1000 person/year in all patients and it increases to 3.8 per 1000 person/year in patients with left ventricular outflow obstruction. The most common site of vegetation is the ventricular aspect of anterior mitral valve leaflet. We report a case of a 43-year-old man who was admitted ...

C ardiac pacing constitutes an efficient treatment for bradyarrhythmias, while it has also been used recently in the therapy of dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. At the dawn of the pacing era, our interest was focused on ensuring stable, permanent pacing. Now, that our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the paced beat has deepened, our interest in the identification of more “physiologic...

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) describes a pathologic state in which the subaortic region of interventricular septum undergoes significant hypertrophy and fibrosis, resulting septal bowing into left ventricle. The reduced ventricular chamber size altered cardiac function impair diastolic filling, stroke volume, output. This case report evaluates tissue 36-year-old, formalin-emba...