Starch synthesis and degradation require the participation of many enzymes, occur in both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues, and are subject to environmental and developmental regulation. We examine the distribution of starch in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the expression of genes encoding core enzymes for starch synthesis. Starch is accumulated in pla...

Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified starch is widely used in emulsion and encapsulation applications. The functionality of OS starch depends on its molecular structure. A systematic study was performed to investigate the reaction of OSA with granular waxy maize (WM) starch, microporous WM starch and soluble maltodextrin. OS starches were prepared in an aqueous slurry system, and the degre...

The simple modification of the hydroxypropyl arm in Gd(HP-DO3A) complex allows to achieve an increased relaxivity by activation intramolecular catalysis proton exchange process.

This article reports a study of the thermo-oxidation and biodegradation in the soil of low-density polyethylene/starch films (LDPE/starch) by infrared spectroscopy: Films of LDPE/Starch blends of different composition (starch content range from 0 to 15% w/w),were prepared and exposed to thermo-oxidation at different temperatures at 80, 90 and 100°C,and buried in the soil of public dump duri...

An Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant lacking cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) revealed a dwarf-growth phenotype, reduced starch content, an uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosette, and a reduced number of starch granules per chloroplast under standard growth conditions. In contrast, the wild type contained 5-7 starch granules ...

Microparticles were prepared, using granular starch and pectin, for encapsulation of ascorbic acid. Three types of starch, 50% amylose corn starch, 70% amylose corn starch and type 4 resistant starch (RS4) were used in combination with high methoxyl pectin at selected ratios (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2). Microparticles were prepared by spray drying using a two-fluid nozzle. Particle size distributions w...

The aim of this work was to characterize starch synthesis, composition, and granule structure in Arabidopsis leaves. First, the potential role of starch-degrading enzymes during starch accumulation was investigated. To discover whether simultaneous synthesis and degradation of starch occurred during net accumulation, starch was labeled by supplying (14)CO(2) to intact, photosynthesizing plants....

In the present study four minoxidil gels were prepared using carbopol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose for the treatment of alopecia. The gels were evaluated for drug content, viscosity determination, in vitro permeation (across dialysis membrane and mouse skin), skin irritation and stability at 4, ...

Mucopolysaccharidoses are inherited metabolic disorders resulting in the dysfunction of enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans, leading to severe clinical symptoms and a significantly shortened life span of patients. Flavonoids are recognized as glycosaminoglycan metabolism modulators, able to correct glycosaminoglycan cell storage. Therefore, the aim of this work was the dev...

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a gram-negative obligate anaerobe, utilizes polysaccharides by binding them to its cell surface and allowing cell-associated enzymes to hydrolyze them into digestible fragments. We use the starch utilization system as a model to analyze the initial steps involved in polysaccharide binding and breakdown. In a recent paper, we reported that one of the outer membrane ...