Honokiol is a bioactive component isolated from the medicinal herbs Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia grandiflora that has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antitumor activities. The inhibitory potentials of honokiol on eight major human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, and four UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A1, 1A4, 1A9, and ...

Factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) is an Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that acts as a negative regulator of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by catalysing β-hydroxylation of an asparaginyl residue in its C-terminal transcriptional activation domain (CAD). In addition to the hypoxia-inducible factor C-terminal transcriptional activation domain (HIF-CAD), FIH also ca...

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCS7 and SUR2 genes are members of a gene family that encodes enzymes that desaturate or hydroxylate lipids. Sur2p is required for the hydroxylation of C-4 of the sphingoid moiety of ceramide, and Scs7p is required for the hydroxylation of the very long chain fatty acid. Neither SCS7 nor SUR2 are essential for growth, and lack of the Scs7p- or Sur2p-dependent hydrox...

Anthocyanins, Flavonoids, Biosynthesis, Flavonoid 3',5'-Hydroxylation, Verbena hybrida Enzyme preparations from flowers of Verbena hybrida do not only catalyse hydroxylation of the B-ring of flavanones and dihydroflavonols in the 3'-position but also in the 5'-position. Enzyme activity for 3',5'-hydroxylation was found to be localized in the microsomal fraction and required NADPH as cofactor. E...

Aliphatic compounds are hydroxylated to the corresponding isomeric alcohols by an unspecific hydroxylation system in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver cell. As models for this reaction the following hydroxylation systems were investigated: 1. trifluoroperacetic acid, 2. the photolysis of 2,2-dimethylquinoxaline-di-W-oxide and 3. the system Fe 2 0 /2-mercaptobenzoic ac id /O, . 2-Methylbuta...

Rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase requires both a tetrahydropterin cofactor and molecular oxygen to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. During the physiological hydroxylation, a single mol of the natural cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, is oxidized for each mol of phenylalanine converted to tyrosine. Artificial conditions have been devised in which the oxidation of the tetrahydropterin is unco...

J The present study identifies the specific human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes involved in hydroxylation leading to activation of the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide and its isomeric analogue, ifosphamide. Substantial interindividual variation (4-9-fold) was observed in the hydroxylation of these oxazaphosphorines by a panel of 12 human liver microsomes, and a significant correlation was obt...

Natural sesquiterpene synthases have evolved to make complex terpenoids by quenching reactive carbocations either proton transfer or hydroxylation (water capture), depending on their active site. Germacradien-11-ol synthase (Gd11olS) from Streptomyces coelicolor catalyzes the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) into hydroxylated germacradien-11-ol. Here, we combine experiment and simulati...

Hypeptin is a cyclodepsipeptide antibiotic produced by Lysobacter sp. K5869, isolated from an environmental sample the iChip technology, dedicated to cultivation of previously uncultured microorganisms. shares structural features with teixobactin and exhibits potent activity against broad spectrum gram-positive pathogens. Using comprehensive in vivo vitro analyses, we show that hypeptin blocks ...