Biodiesel has become an attractive fuel recently, because it is renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, etc. With the increase in the production of biodiesel, the problem of disposing crude glycerol, which is produced as main by-product from biodiesel process such as transesterification, has been raised. Therefore, we have been developing a new green technology-Hydrotherm...

A fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization (FAPSO) is presented to determine the optimal operation of hydrothermal power system. In order to solve the shortcoming premature and easily local optimum of the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO), the fuzzy adaptive criterion is applied for inertia weight based on the evolution speed factor and square deviation of fitness for the swarm, in e...

Hydrothermal systems have prevailed throughout geological history on earth, and ancient ARCHAEAN hydrothermal deposits could provide clues to understanding earth's earliest biosphere. Modern hydrothermal systems support a plethora of microorganisms and macroorganisms, and provide good comparisons for paleontological interpretation of ancient hydrothermal systems. However, all of the microfossil...

The speciation of carbon in subseafloor hydrothermal systems has direct implications for the maintenance of life in present-day vent ecosystems and possibly the origin of life on early Earth. Carbon monoxide is of particular interest because it represents a key reactant during the abiotic synthesis of reduced carbon compounds via Fischer–Tropsch-type processes. Laboratory experiments were condu...

BACKGROUND Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw can dissolve part of the lignin and hemicellulose into a liquid fraction, thus facilitating enzyme accessibility to cellulose in bioethanol production process. Lignin is awaited to be recovered after hydrothermal pretreatment for utilization as value-added chemical, and lignin recovery also means removal of ferme...

In the past few decades, chemosynthetic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have received attention as plausible analogues to the early ecosystems of Earth, as well as to extraterrestrial ecosystems. These ecosystems are sustained by chemical energy obtained from inorganic redox substances (e.g., H2S, CO2, H2, CH4, and O2) in hydrothermal fluids and ambient seawater. The chemical and isot...

The diverse applications of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) are not only bonded to their superior structural properties, but also to their chemical properties. The termination of graphene sheets in OMCs provides abundant sites for heteroatom decoration to mediate their chemical properties. In this contribution, boron and phosphorus were co-incorporated into OMCs via a facile aqueous selfassem...

The use of reactors working with a hydrothermal flame as a heat source contributes to overcome many of the challenges presented by supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Injection of the reagents over a hydrothermal flame can avoid the reagents preheating as the feed can be injected into the reactor at room temperatures, avoiding plugging and corrosion problems in a preheating system. Also the k...