One hundred and thirty-five soil samples were collected from a depth of 2–2.5 m near oil and gas fields of Tatipaka, Pasarlapudi, Ponnamanda, Kaza and Palakollu areas of Krishna–Godavari Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India and were analysed for light hydrocarbon gases. The adsorbed soil gas analysis showed the presence of moderate to low concentrations of methane (CH4; 2–83 ppb), ethane (C2H6; 1–92 pp...

Light hydrocarbons accumulated in subsurface soil by long-term microseepage could favor the anomalous growth of indigenous hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, which could be crucial indicators of underlying petroleum reservoirs. Here, Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted to determine the bacterial community structures in soil samples collected from three typical oil an...

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with high yield and quality were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) over Co-Mo/ MgO nanocatalyst in a fluidized bed reactor. Different parameters such as temperature, the ratio of hydrocarbon source to hydrogen, the flow rate of gas, growth time, the size of catalyst particles, heating rate, and the kind of hydrocarbon source were examined t...

Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have enhanced unconventional hydrocarbon recovery but raised environmental concerns related to water quality. Because most basins targeted for shale-gas development in the USA have histories of both active and legacy petroleum extraction, confusion about the hydrogeological context of naturally occurring methane in shallow aquifers overlying shales r...

In social insects, cuticular hydrocarbons are involved in species, kin, caste and nestmate recognition. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to compare the cuticular hydrocarbon composition of workers, males and queens of Melipona bicolor. The cuticular hydrocarbon composition of this species was found to consist mainly of C23, C25:1, C25, C27:1, C27, C29:1 and C29, which are alre...

Characterization of heavy end, as plus fraction, is among the most crucial steps in predicting phase behavior of a hydrocarbon fluid system. Proper selection of single carbon number (SCN) distribution function is essential for heavy end characterization. The SCN distribution function is subject to fluid nature. The exponential distribution function has been and is widely applied to gas condensa...

Cryogenic air separation technology has been successfully employed for many years to supply oxygen for the gasification of a wide range of hydrocarbon feedstocks to generate synthesis gas for the production of fuels, chemicals and other valuable products. Examples include the conversion of liquid and solid refinery waste streams into hydrogen for use within the refinery Ž . along with the copro...

Methane in source rocks may not exist exclusively as free gas. It could exist in equilibrium with carbon and higher hydrocarbons: CH4 + C < = > Hydrocarbon. Three lines of evidence support this possibility. 1) Shales ingest gas in amounts and selectivities consistent with gas-carbon equilibrium. There is a 50% increase in solid hydrocarbon mass when Fayetteville Shale is exposed to methane (450...

Gas hydrates form when water and natural gas combine at low temperatures and high pressures — for example, in regions of permafrost and in marine subseafloor sediments. They exist in abundance worldwide and some estimates suggest that the total amount of natural gas bound in hydrate form may exceed all conventional gas resources, or even the amount of all hydrocarbon energy — coal, oil and natu...

Gases leaking from a polyethene plant and a cracker plant were visualized with the gas-correlation imaging technique. Ethene escaping from flares due to incomplete or erratic combustion was monitored. A leakage at a high-pressure reactor tank could be found and visualized by scanning the camera system over the industrial site. The image processing methods rely on the information from three simu...