Accurate inversion of soil hydraulic parameters based on the van Genuchten–Mualem model has received much attention in science research. Herein, a hybrid algorithm method using particle swarm optimization and vector-evaluated genetic was used to invert θs, α, n, Ks, with objective functions infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, water content. Then, numerical experiments were conducted fou...

Modelica is an object-oriented language for modeling of large and heterogeneous physical systems. Typical applications include mechatronic models in automotive and aerospace applications involving mechanical, electrical and hydraulic subsystems as well as control systems. Modeling of an ideal diode and Coulomb friction is discussed to illustrate the unique hybrid features of Modelica. The langu...

Three new baffle flow constructed wetlands (CWs), namely the baffle horizontal flow CW (Z1), baffle vertical flow CW (Z2) and baffle hybrid flow CW (Z3), along with one traditional horizontal subsurface flow CW (Z4) were designed to test the removal efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the septic tank effluent under varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Results showed that the...

Energy-saving research of excavators is becoming one hot topic due to the increasing energy crisis and environmental deterioration recently. Hydraulic hybrid excavator based on common pressure rail (HHEC) provides an alternative with electric hybrid excavator because it has high power density and environment friendly and easy to modify based on the existing manufacture process. This paper is fo...

In this paper, an intelligent electric power steering system is proposed to replace a traditional hydraulic power steering system and implemented in a real light hybrid electric vehicle. An intelligent fuzzy control algorithm is applied to yield basic assist logic, return compensation logic, damping compensation logic, and inertia compensation logic in an assist steering system. According to st...