Leaves of 13 interspecific and intergeneric citrus somatic allotetraploid hybrids were analysed and compared with those of their respective parents (lime, lemons, citron, orange, kumquat, poncirus and mandarin) with regards to their sesquiterpenoid contents (μg/g dry weight). The hybrids do not fully retain their parental traits. Sesquiterpenoid production is much reduced (by ~65–90%) in hybrid...

Organic-silica hybrids were synthesized from the Si8O20 8ÿ silicate anion by the reaction with an excess of dimethyldichlorosilane. The structure of the hybrids has been found to comprise the Si8O20 8ÿ structure as a building block, linked by the (CH3)2Si unit. Si NMR signals from terminal groups in the hybrids have been assigned. When the amount of dimethyldichlorosilane present for the reacti...

Through distant crossing, diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., RCC♀, Cyprininae, 2n = 100) × topmouth culter (Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker, TC♂, Cultrinae, 2n = 48) were successfully produced. Diploid hybrids possessed 74 chromosomes with one set from RCC and one set from TC; triploid hybrids harbored 124 chromosomes with two sets from...

Lumbricid earthworms Eisenia andrei (Ea) and E. fetida (Ef) are simultaneous hermaphrodites with reciprocal insemination capable of self-fertilization while the existence of hybridization of these two species was still debatable. During the present investigation fertile hybrids of Ea and Ef were detected. Virgin specimens of Ea and Ef were laboratory crossed (Ea+Ef) and their progeny was doubly...

The lager yeast hybrid (Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces eubayanus) possesses two key characteristics that are essential for lager brewing: efficient sugar utilization and cold tolerance. Here we explore the possibility that the lager yeast phenotype can be recreated by hybridizing S. cerevisiae ale yeast with a number of cold-tolerant Saccharomyces species including Saccharomyces arbor...

Gene flow between crop fields and wild populations often results in hybrids with reduced fitness compared to their wild counterparts due to characteristics imparted by the crop genome. But the specifics of the evolutionary outcome of crop-wild gene flow may depend on context, varying due to local environmental conditions and genetic variation within and among wild populations and among crop lin...

Two of the five nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrids induce SV40 transplantation resistance in immunized hamsters. These two hybrids, Ad2(+)ND(2) and Ad2(+)ND(4), contain 32 and 43% of the SV40 genome, respectively. The pattern of induction of SV40 transplantation antigen (TSTA) by the various hybrids differentiates TSTA from both SV40 U and T antigens. Since the SV40 ...

The river floodplain species Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris, and their hybrid Rorippa x anceps were studied here, with the aim of identifying potential species differences with respect to flooding tolerance, and of assessing their expression in F1 hybrids. Parents and their F1 hybrids were subjected to three flooding treatments mimicking natural conditions, and growth-related and leaf mor...

Incidence of insect damage, and association of insect damage with mycotoxigenic corn ear molds and mycotoxins was examined in commercial fields of Bt and non-Bt hybrids of different backgrounds in Illinois in 1998 and 1999. Nearly 50% Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) infestation sometimes occurred in Bt hybrids that express high levels of the protein in silks and kernels. Damage by European corn borer,...

Twelve lactating cattle × yak hybrids (B. taurus × B. grunniens) were investigated on five experimental pastures (Sites 1-5), following an up- and downward transhumance route (3,200, 4,000, 4,500, 4,000 and 2,600 m a.s.l.). Hybrids were kept in replicated groups of two (low SD) and four animals per paddock (high SD). As a control, yaks (with calves) were included at low SD at Sites 2-4. Perform...