Five species of Hymenoscyphus that fruit on black stromatized parts of dead leaves of deciduous trees are presented, giving details on their morphological and ecological characteristics. Several of these species have previously been misplaced in rutstroemiaceous genera because of the presence of a substratal stroma. However, the heteropolar, scutuloid ascospores with an often hook-like lateral ...

This paper introduces a new class called hang yourself (HY) arguments into the theory of defeasible argumentation. The novelty of such arguments is that they are inherently destructive: they cannot be used to support conclusions but only to attack other arguments. In this paper it is described what these arguments are, how they can be formalized, and what the formal consequences are of adding t...

A role for complement, particularly the classical pathway, in the regulation of immune responses is well documented. Deficiencies in C1q or C4 predispose to autoimmunity, while deficiency in C3 affects the suppression of contact sensitization and generation of oral tolerance. Complement components including C3 have been shown to be required for both B-cell and T-cell priming. The mechanisms whe...

Heat stroke (HS) is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) consisting of profound core temperature (Tc) changes in mice. Encephalopathy is common at HS collapse, but inflammatory changes occurring in the brain during the SIRS remain unidentified. We determined the association between inflammatory gene expression changes in the brain with Tc disturbances during HS reco...

IN THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 2-hy-droxy-2-(4-hy-droxy-benz-yl)butane-dioic acid methanol monosolvate], C(11)H(12)O(6)·CH(3)OH, the dihedral angles between the planes of the carboxyl groups and the benzene ring are 51.23 (9) and 87.97 (9)°. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions involving the hy-droxy and carb-oxy-lic acid groups and the methanol...

a simple, fast, efficient and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of benzimidazole and its 2-alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl substituted derivatives was developed using zeolite hy. two component cyclolcondensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) and commercially available carboxylic acids catalyzed by zeolite hy without any solvent, under microwave irradiation led to formation...

Biedenkapp JC, Leon LR. Increased cytokine and chemokine gene expression in the CNS of mice during heat stroke recovery. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 305: R978–R986, 2013. First published September 11, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00011.2013.— Heat stroke (HS) is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) consisting of profound core temperature (Tc) changes in mice...

The planar -CH=CHC(=O)- fragment (r.m.s. deviation = 0.074 Å) in the title compound, C(18)H(18)O(5), connects the planar hy-droxy-dimeth-oxy-phenyl (r.m.s. deviation = 0.039 Å) and meth-oxy-lphenyl (r.m.s. deviation = 0.021 Å) parts. The central fragment forms a dihedral angle of 13.7 (1)° with the hy-droxy-dimeth-oxy-phenyl part and 32.0 (1)° with the meth-oxy-phenyl part. The hy-droxy group f...

It has been demonstrated that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) associated with sodium hyaluronate (HY-CNTs) accelerate bone repair in the tooth sockets of rats. Before clinical application of HY-CNTs, it is important to assess their biocompatibility. Moreover, cardiac toxicity may be caused by the translocation of these particles to the blood stream. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible change...

Microvasculopathies of nephrosclerosis progress with age in contrasting patterns. Arterial intimal fibroplasia (R(r) and R(c), respectively, in small and large interlobular arteries) previously showed close linkages to hypertension and to "nephrosclerosis," defined by fibrous replacement of atrophied nephrons, whereas hyalinization of arterioles (Hy) failed to show consistent linkages. In this ...