In recent years, Animal Studies experts have concluded that unique personalities and subjectivity exist in all species, not only humans. Throughout the “long 19th century”, attitude of man to animal was obviously higher being – “king nature” lower. This model has developed highest Russian society due fashion for everything European, primarily English.
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The neural mechanism of skilled movements, such as reaching, has been considered to differ from that of rhythmic movement such as locomotion. It is generally thought that skilled movements are consciously controlled by the brain, while rhythmic movements are usually controlled autonomously by the spinal cord and brain stem. However, several studies in recent decades have suggested that neural n...

Recognizing the actions of others from visual stimuli is a crucial aspect of human perception that allows individuals to respond to social cues. Humans are able to discriminate between similar actions despite transformations, like changes in viewpoint or actor, that substantially alter the visual appearance of a scene. This ability to generalize across complex transformations is a hallmark of h...

In the natural world, performing a given task which is beneficial to an entire group often requires the cooperation of several individuals of that group who often share the workload required to perform the task. The modeling toolkit to address problems related with the dynamics of collective action and other conflict of interests is game theory, often combined with its dynamical counterpart, Ev...

Helmeted sports such as football offer a unique opportunity to study head injury biomechanics in live human subjects. Impact reconstruction using game videos and real-time measurements of head kinematics in football provide a method of quantifying the head impact exposure athletes experience. A total of 58 impacts from NFL games have been reconstructed using Hybrid III crash test dummies, inclu...

and a civilian car. A seriously injured child lies on the ground, surrounded by a distraught woman and a medic from your team. You ask what happened and your sergeant reacts defensively. He casts an angry glance at the mother and says, “They rammed into us, sir. They just shot out from the side street and our driver couldn’t see them.” Before you can think, an urgent radio call breaks in: “This...

the success rate of several advanced basic and clinical techniques in the field of mammalian biotechnology, including cloning, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, and assisted reproductive techniques (art) depends mainly on the success rate of pregnancy following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (ivfet). the techniques used in art have advanced considerably since the first in vitro fertil...