The Knowledge of variations in the lung can help surgeons to control bleeding during pulmonary lobectomy or might be used to reduce post-operative complications. Due to the importance of the knowledge of variations in lungs for clinicians, especially surgeons and radiologists, we report a case with lung lobe and fissure. During the autopsy of a 27-year-old man at the Legal Medicine Organizatio...

the goal of human development as can be understood by concept is to benefit every person in his / her life. it means improvement in living quality & standards. while the extension of employment and increasing of income are necessary , they are not the goals of development, but means to extend human development. the goal of development is to grow and extend of human abilities. human development ...

Hydatidosis or hydatide cyst,caused by the larvae of Echinoconccus granulosus,is one of the most serious tapeworm cestodes infection occuring in man and in livestock in Iran.the present study was carried out in order to determine the rate of infection in shahriar Area,in which no study has been conducted regarding this enfection.1052 human blood sample from different age groups were collected b...

Undoubtly, land degradation causes apparent decrease of natural resources potential which are highly linked to desertification. Different countries and also international organization have realized a great number of projects to combat desertification. Unfortunately these projects have not reach to their goals. The experiences shows that the reason of these unsuccessful works is lack of consider...

Background Background: Mammalian spermatogenesis is regulated through paracrine and endocrine activity, specific cell signaling, and local control mechanisms. These highly specific signaling interactions are effectively absent upon placing testicular cells into two-dimensional primary culture. The specific changes that occur between key cell types and involved spermatogenesis signaling pathways...

animal related injuries as most common causes of human morbidity have different pattern by geographical zones. we aimed to explore the main descriptive epidemiology of animal-related injuries in both rural and urban areas in iran. between 2000 and 2004, we collected the data of all the cases of animal related trauma hospitalized for more than 24 hours in eight cities (tehran, mashhad, ahwaz, sh...

background and aims: a selective and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method has been established for determination of methotrexate in human plasma. methods: methotrexate was extracted from plasma with acetonitrile. the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-formic acid 74: 25: 1(v/v). twenty µl of sample was chromatographically an...

the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as applied to detection of a foreign dna in clinical specimens could provide a sensitive instrument for rapid detection of viral dna persisting in tissues of patients suspected of latent infection. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna was found in arterial plaques of patients with atherosclerotic lesions using a pcr assay with nested primer oligonucleotides deriv...

human growth hormone (hgh) genomic sequence containing 5 exons and 4 introns was cloned in pcdna-3 and the constructed plasmid was subsequently used for transfection ofnlli-3t3 cell line using lipofection technique. expression of hgh in stably transfected cells was assayed using elisa. total rna was extracted from transfected cells and hgh cdna was amplified by rt-pcr using specific primers. th...

background: premature chromosome condensation (pcc) is a method for interphase chromosome analysis in biodosimetry. this study was performed to verify the usefulness of pcc induced by calyculin a in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) for biological dosimetry and possible construction of dose-response curve. materials and methods: peripheral blood was obtained from a healthy donor and expo...