Recent studies have shown that insulin autoantibodies occur in patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before exogenous insulin treatment. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that insulin autoantibodies, like cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICAs), can identify individuals with ongoing autoimmune beta-cell destruction and increased risk of IDDM devel...

OBJECTIVE Beta-cell regeneration is a fundamental but elusive goal for type 1 diabetes research. Our objective is to review newer human and animal studies of beta-cell destruction and regeneration and consider the implications for treatment of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Recent human and animal studies of beta-cell destruction and regeneration in type 1 diabetes are reviewed....

Introduction Islet cell antibodies (ICA) in the sera of nondiabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) are predictive of the disease, a finding that permits the design of intervention strategies to prevent it. However, 85% or more of patients with new onset IDD have no affected relative. We therefore screened 9,696 schoolchildren between the ages of 5 and 18 yr (mean ag...

OBJECTIVE To establish and compare the prognostic accuracy of immunologic and metabolic markers in predicting onset of type 1 diabetes in those with high risk in a prospective study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 339 subjects from the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) parenteral study, who were islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive, with low first-phase insulin response (FPIR) an...

Islet transplantation for diabetes is limited by the availability of human islet donors. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent beta-cell mitogen and survival factor and improves islet transplant outcomes in a murine model. However, the murine model employs renal subcapsular transplant and immunodeficient mice, features not representative of human islet transplantation protocols. Therefore,...

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disease with chronic complications that is becoming more frequent as life expectancy of diabetics has increased owing to improved methods of detection and better management. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of autoimmunity can be used in predicting the development time of microvascular complications. MATERIAL AND MET...

B cells participate in the priming of the allo- and autoimmune responses, and their depletion can thus be advantageous for islet transplantation. Herein, we provide an extensive study of the effect of B-cell depletion in murine models of islet transplantation. Islet transplantation was performed in hyperglycemic B-cell-deficient(μMT) mice, in a purely alloimmune setting (BALB/c into hyperglycem...

Introduction: Cholinergic-associated diseases currently constitute a significant cause of neurological and neurodegenerative disabilities.  As the drugs are not efficient in improving the suffered tissues, stem cell treatment is considered an effective strategy for substituting the lost cells. Methods: In the current study, we set out to investigate the differentiation properties of human adip...