Background Background: Mammalian spermatogenesis is regulated through paracrine and endocrine activity, specific cell signaling, and local control mechanisms. These highly specific signaling interactions are effectively absent upon placing testicular cells into two-dimensional primary culture. The specific changes that occur between key cell types and involved spermatogenesis signaling pathways...

animal related injuries as most common causes of human morbidity have different pattern by geographical zones. we aimed to explore the main descriptive epidemiology of animal-related injuries in both rural and urban areas in iran. between 2000 and 2004, we collected the data of all the cases of animal related trauma hospitalized for more than 24 hours in eight cities (tehran, mashhad, ahwaz, sh...

background and aims: a selective and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method has been established for determination of methotrexate in human plasma. methods: methotrexate was extracted from plasma with acetonitrile. the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-formic acid 74: 25: 1(v/v). twenty µl of sample was chromatographically an...

the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as applied to detection of a foreign dna in clinical specimens could provide a sensitive instrument for rapid detection of viral dna persisting in tissues of patients suspected of latent infection. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna was found in arterial plaques of patients with atherosclerotic lesions using a pcr assay with nested primer oligonucleotides deriv...

human growth hormone (hgh) genomic sequence containing 5 exons and 4 introns was cloned in pcdna-3 and the constructed plasmid was subsequently used for transfection ofnlli-3t3 cell line using lipofection technique. expression of hgh in stably transfected cells was assayed using elisa. total rna was extracted from transfected cells and hgh cdna was amplified by rt-pcr using specific primers. th...

background: premature chromosome condensation (pcc) is a method for interphase chromosome analysis in biodosimetry. this study was performed to verify the usefulness of pcc induced by calyculin a in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) for biological dosimetry and possible construction of dose-response curve. materials and methods: peripheral blood was obtained from a healthy donor and expo...

background: most fleas infest their host temporarily then pass to another of the same kind, while others move from one to a different host species. although the comprehensive list of fleas reported from iran, but there still exists considerable gap in our knowledge of zoonotic aspect of flea infestation. the present study was undertaken to determine correlation between domestic animals and man ...

cadmium has been known to be harmful to human health, mainly via contaminated drinking water, food supplies, tobacco and industrial pollutants. the aim of this study was to determine the ability of cadmium chloride (cdcl 2 ) to cause cell death in the human lung carcinoma cell line (calu-6). the cells were grown in rpmi-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fcs, penicillin/streptomycin (100 u/ml, 1...

prayer (nam&aposaz; in persian and/or sal&aposat; in arabic), the spite of its beatific influence, consist of deep concept and mysteries. it has an irrefutable role as the firm line which attaches the human entity to the superfine heaven. in the islam, prayer is the first act that has been necessitated and also a canonical duty for human which should be surely discharged by him until the last t...

background: one of the promising methods in fertility preservation among women with cancer is cryopreservation of ovarian cortex but there are many drawbacks such as apoptosis and considerable reduction of follicular density in the transplanted ovary. one solution to reduce ischemic damage is enhancing angiogenesis after transplantation of ovarian cortex tissue. objective: the aim of this study...