Targeted steganalysis aims at detecting hidden data embedded by a particular algorithm without any knowledge of the ‘cover’ image. In this paper we propose a novel approach for detecting Perturbed Quantization Steganography (PQ) by HFS (Huffman FR index Steganalysis) algorithm using a combination of Huffman Bit Code Length (HBCL) Statistics and File size to Resolution ratio (FR Index) which is ...

In this paper we investigate iterative source-channel decoding for robust JPEG coded images transmission over noisy channels. Huffman codes used as the variable-length coding scheme in JPEG coding can be represented by an irregular trellis structure proposed by Balakirsky (1997). State transition probabilities can be derived from the irregular trellis and can be used as a priori information to ...

Lossy JPEG compression is a widely used compression technique. Normally the JPEG standard technique uses three process mapping reduces interpixel redundancy, quantization, which is lossy process and entropy encoding, which is considered lossless process. In this paper, a new technique has been proposed by combining the JPEG algorithm and Symbol Reduction Huffman technique for achieving more com...

In the proposed Huffman LEACH model, energy consumption increases exponentially with distance and there are no maximum limits. The transmit power level of a sensor node can only be adjusted to discrete values that may result in one for various distances. resulting two links different distances equivalent. number clusters generated does not converge fixed value which shortens lifespan network. w...

A multiple access source code (MASC) is a source code designed for the following network configuration: a pair of correlated information sequences {Xi}lm_, and {x}lm_, is drawn i.i.d. according to joint probability mass function (p.m.f.) p ( z , y); the encoder for each source operates without knowledge of the other source; the decoder jointly decodes the encoded bit streams from both sources. ...

Test compression / decompression using variable-length coding is an efficient method for reducing the test application cost, i.e., test application time and the size of the storage of an LSI tester. However, some coding techniques impose slow test application, and consequently a large test application time is required despite the high compression. In this paper, we clarify the fact that test ap...

This paper represents the Algorithm for various Coding standards such as Huffman coding, Syntax based arithmetic coding and Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding used in MPEG, H.263 and H.264 respectively and their analysis. We found that average bit per symbol (average code word length) for Huffman coding is nearly equal to Entropy which is the basic requirement, for different bit rate PSN...

Exercise 1. Design a Huffman code for the outcome of a fair die. Evaluate the average length, and compare it against the source entropy. For which source distribution this would be an optimal code? Exercise 2. Let p be the probability of head in a sequence of tosses of a biased coin. A sequence of messages is parsed using the alphabet X = {h, th, tt}. Evaluate H(X) in bits/message and also in b...

Huffman coding provides optimal source encoding for events of specified source probabilities. Gilbert has proposed a scheme for source encoding when these source probabilities are imperfectly known. This correspondence shows that Gilbert’s scheme is a Bayes scheme against a certain natural prior distribution on the source probabilities. Consequently, since this prior distribution has nonzero ma...