Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for all cases of cervical cancer, as well as a great percentage of other anogenital tumors and oropharyngeal tumors. Since the main etiologic factor for these diseases is a virus, prophylactic measures are the best way to reduce the burden caused by the infection and associated disease. This review brings up to date information on the two commercially a...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most important carcinogens in humans. Vaccines against HPV are now considered the first anti-cancer vaccinations. Since 2007, in many developed countries, there have been recommendations present for preventive vaccines against HPV. At present, the degree of implementation of these recommendations depends on a number of country-specific factors such as th...

Millions of people worldwide are currently infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For this enormous contingent of people, the search for preventive and therapeutic immunological approaches represents a hope for the eradication of latent infection and/or virus-associated cancer. To date, attempts to develop vaccines against the...

Since the discovery of the causal association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, efforts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine to prevent high-risk HPV infections have been at the forefront of modern medical research. HPV causes 530,000 cervical cancer cases worldwide, which is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women; a worldwide collaboration among ep...

BACKGROUND Infection with HPV 16 and 18, the major causative agents of cervical cancer, can be prevented through vaccination with a bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine. Both vaccines provide cross-protection against HPV-types not included in the vaccines. In particular, the bivalent vaccine provides additional protection against HPV 31, 33, and 45 and the quadrivalent vaccine against HPV31. The qu...

Cervical cancer and its precursor intra-epithelial lesions are linked to infection by a subset of human papillomavirus (HPV) types, the so-called “high-risk” HPVs, the most prevalent being HPV16 and HPV18. Two prophylactic vaccines containing combinations of the major capsid protein (L1) of HPV16 and HPV18 have been shown to efficiently prevent infection by inducing capsid-specific neutralizing...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer is the second most common female genital cancer worldwide. There is strong epidemiological and molecular evidence indicating that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary event in the development of cervical intraepithelial lesion and subsequent invasive carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the HPV genotype distribution and prev...

Since mid-2006, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended routine vaccination of adolescent girls at ages 11 or 12 years with 3 doses of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Two HPV vaccines are currently available in the United States. Both the quadrivalent (HPV4) and bivalent (HPV2) vaccines protect against HPV types 16 and 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancers ...

BACKGROUND Groups and individuals that seek to negatively influence public opinion about the safety and value of vaccination are active in online and social media and may influence decision making within some communities. OBJECTIVE We sought to measure whether exposure to negative opinions about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in Twitter communities is associated with the subsequent expre...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been shown to be both highly effective and safe, and there is now considerable enthusiasm among healthcare providers to use the vaccines to reduce the burden of HPV-associated disease in women. When considering who should be vaccinated, it is important that providers understand the complex relationships between age and HPV infections. HPV infections and ...