Turbulent Taylor–Couette flow between two concentric independently rotating cylinders with a radius ratio of $\eta = 0.1$ is studied experimentally. While the scope to study counter-rotating cases both cylinders, radial and azimuthal velocity components are recorded at different horizontal planes high-speed particle image velocimetry. The parametric considered set shear Reynolds numbers in rang...

Animal fliers frequently move through a variety of perturbed flows during their daily aerial routines. However, the extent to which these perturbations influence flight control and energetic expenditure is essentially unknown. Here, we evaluate the kinematic and metabolic consequences of flight within variably sized vortex shedding flows using five Anna's hummingbirds feeding from an artificial...

We report an anisotropic tissue model containing well-ordered birefringent cylinders. Using simulations and experiments, we examined the different polarization features for nonbirefringent and birefringent cylinders and analyzed the influence of the birefringent cylinders on the retardance obtained from Mueller matrix polar decomposition. For the well-ordered birefringent cylinders, retardance ...

Arboreal habitats create diverse challenges for animal locomotion, but the numerical and phylogenetic diversity of snakes that climb trees suggest that their overall body plan is well suited for this task. Snakes have considerable diversity of axial anatomy, but the functional consequences of this diversity for arboreal locomotion are poorly understood because of the lack of comparative data. W...

This paper presents results of several large-eddy simulations LES of turbulent flow in an open channel through staggered arrays of rigid, emergent cylinders, which can be regarded as idealized vegetation. In this study, two cylinder Reynolds numbers, RD =1,340 and RD=500, and three vegetation densities are considered. The LES of the lowest density and at RD=1,340 corresponds to a recently compl...

The goals of this paper are first to describe and then to apply an ergodictheoretic generalization of the Siegel integral formula from the geometry of numbers. The general formula will be seen to serve both as a guide and as a tool for questions concerning the distribution, in senses to be made precise, of the set of closed leaves of measured foliations subordinate to meromorphic quadratic diff...

Abstract A numerical study of a two-dimensional laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in horizontal channel containing two in-line obstacles different shapes, namely an upstream triangular cylinder downstream square cylinder, was carried out. It is based on coupling between the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) Finite Difference (FDM). The airflow (Pr = 0.71) assumed to be incompressible....

This function / is called the ^-cylinder function for P. It can be seen that a semicylinder is a 1-cylinder. In [5], properties of ^-cylinders and their relationship to cylinders were explored, and subsequently it was shown that: (i) for each n > 1, the class of all (n+ l)-cylinders is a proper subset of the class of all cylinders, and (ii) a set is a cylinder if and only if it is an ^-cylinder...