This paper describes research based on the HMS or Holonic Manufacturing Systems concept, which was elaborated in the IMS Test Case N° 5. First, the paper discusses the HMS paradigm. Second, it presents a number of fundamental properties of complex adaptive systems. Third, examples demonstrate how the insights of the previous section have an impact on the design and architecture of distributed m...

During postnatal motoneuron development, the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha subunit changes from alpha2 (fetal) to alpha1 (adult). To study the effect this change has on ethanol potentiation of GlyR currents in hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs), we placed neurons into two groups: neonate [postnatal day 1 to 3 (P1-3)], primarily expressing alpha2, and juvenile (P9-13), primarily expressing alpha1. We...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether infants (younger than 1 year old) had similar clinical benefits with individualized anticoagulation management as older children and adult undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). BACKGROUND Individualized heparin and protamine management in older children and adults undergoing CPB has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. METHODS Ninety ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable clinical prediction rule that could be employed to identify patients at higher likelihood of mortality among those with hematological malignancies (HMs) and bacterial bloodstream infections (BBSIs). METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in nine Italian hematological units. The derivation cohort co...

Riluzole is the sole treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but its therapeutically relevant actions on motor neurons are not well defined. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made from hypoglossal motor neurons (HMs, n = 25) in brain stem slices from 10- to 23-day-old rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium to investigate the hypothesis that riluzole inhibits HMs by multiple...

Anticoagulation monitoring in pediatric patients can be problematic because of the immaturity of the coagulation system in this population. In addition, the hemodilution required to place a small patient on bypass can interfere with standard monitoring methods. In this institution, the Hemochron Jr. ACT (activated clotting time)+ assay has been the standard of care for anticoagulation monitorin...

This paper proposes a supervised classification scheme to identify 40 tree species (2 coniferous, 38 broadleaf) belonging to 22 families and 36 genera in high spatial resolution QuickBird multispectral images (HMS). Overall kappa coefficient (OKC) and species conditional kappa coefficients (SCKC) were used to evaluate classification performance in training samples and estimate accuracy and unce...

In brain stem slices from neonatal (postnatal days 0-4) CD-1 mice, muscarinic ACh receptors (MAChRs) increased rhythmic inspiratory-related and tonic hypoglossal nerve discharge and depolarized single hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) via an inward current without changing input resistance. These responses were blocked by the MAChR antagonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (4-DAM...

Histone modifications (HMs) are an important post-translational feature. Different types of HMs are believed to co-exist and co-regulate biological processes such as gene expression, and therefore are intrinsically dependent on each other. We develop inference for this complex biological network of HMs based on a graphical model using ChIP-Seq data. A critical computational hurdle in the infere...

Previously, we showed that ethanol increases synaptic glycine currents, an effect that depends on ethanol concentration and developmental age of the preparation. Glycine receptor (GlyR) subunits undergo a shift from alpha2/beta to alpha1/beta from neonate to juvenile ages, with synaptic glycine currents from neonate hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) being less sensitive to ethanol than those from j...