In muscle, insulin enhances influx of glucose and its conversion to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) by hexokinase (HK). While effects of insulin on glucose transport have been demonstrated, its effect on the activity of HK of cells has not. In L6 myotubes treated for 24 h with insulin there was increased expression of the HK isoform, HKII, and increased glucose phosphorylation without a concomitant i...

Sepsis is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), mainly due to systemic immune dysregulation. Kaempferol (KAE) a natural flavonoid compound with multiple biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties. In this study, we constructed sepsis-induced AKI mouse model an LPS-induced glomerular mesangial cell (HK-2) in vitro sepsis model. We found th...

LuGre model has been widely used in dynamic friction modeling and compensation. However, there are some practical difficulties when applying it to systems experiencing large range of motion speeds such as, the linear motor drive system studied in the ∧ article. This article first details the digital implementation problems of the LuGre model based dynamic friction compensation. A modified model...

Friction exists in all machines having relative motion, and plays an important role in many servo mechanisms and simple pneumatic or hydraulic systems. In order to achieve high precision motion control, accurate friction modeling and effective compensation techniques have to be investigated. In this chapter, we shall present a systematic treatment of adaptive friction compensation techniques fr...

Example 3. For k′/k a finite separable extension and H any linear algebraic k-group, we have H ↪−→ Rk′/k(Hk′) =: H ′, where Rk′/k(Hk′) is the Weil restriction functor (which is representable by a linear algebraic k-group). This functor is defined by Rk′/k(Hk′)(A) = Hk′(A⊗k k′), so the injection H ↪−→ Rk′/k(Hk′) is given by sending a k-morphism SpecA→ H to its base change by k′. Then we have [H ...

3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) is a tryptophan metabolite whose level in the brain is elevated under several pathological states including Huntington's disease. In the present study, we examined the possible toxicity of 3-HK by injection of this substance into rat brain. Intrastriatal injection of 3-HK (50 nmol) induced tissue damage around the injected site. Quinolinic acid (QA) at 200 nmol also i...

Low and high molecular weight kininogens (LK and HK), containing 409 and 626 amino acids with masses of approximately 65 and 120 kDa after glycosylation, respectively, are coded by a single gene mapped to the human chromosome 3 by alternative splicing of the transcribed mRNA. The NH2-termini Glu1-Thr383 region, identical in LK and HK, contains bradykinin (BK) moieties Arg363-Arg371. LK, HK and ...

introduction: although hippocampus is the most famous brain area involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, hippocampal kindling (hk) develops very slowly. hence, rapid kindling is usually preferred to the traditional kindling and it is widely used. in this article we aimed at finding the optimal stimulus pattern, which yields the fastest hk rate. methods: stimulus patterns with different duration (2,...

PURPOSE To detect endogenous substance P (SP) and neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HE) and cultured human keratocytes (HK). METHODS Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of SP and endogenous SP in HE and HK was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression of NK1R in HE and HK w...