Neurofilament (NF) subunits translocate within axons as short NFs, non-filamentous punctate structures ('puncta') and diffuse material that might comprise individual subunits and/or oligomers. Transport of NFs into and along axons is mediated by the microtubule (MT) motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Despite being characterized as a retrograde motor, dynein nevertheless participates in anterogr...

The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to give you hands-on experience with a compartmental model of a neuron. Compartmental models differ from point neuron models such as the Kalluri and Delgutte (2003) model studied in the Cochlear Nucleus theme in that they explicitly represent the geometry of the neuron. In a point neuron, all points inside the cell are assumed to have the same electric...

Power consumption is the dominant design issue for battery-powered electronic devices. Biologically-inspired sensory preprocessors may be an important component of portable computing devices that require real-world visual or auditory input. The silicon neural design style presented in (Mead, 1989; Andreou et al., 1991) naturally supports low-power VLSI design; in this design style, MOS transist...

Thanks toits high refractive index contrast, band gap and polarization mismatch compared to GaN, In0.17Al0.83N layers lattice-matched to GaN are an attractive solution for applications such as distributed Bragg reflectors, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, orhigh electron mobility transistors. In order to study the structural degradation mechanism of InAlN layers with increasing thickness, we ...

The judgment of Zn plane and O plane of ZnO single crystal The ZnO wafers with size of 5×5×1mm and the resistance in MΩ•cm grade were purchased from HeFei KeJing Materials Technology Co., LTD, China. ZnO is a polar crystal belonging to hexagonal crystal system, and c-axis is the polar axis. The face of +c is terminated with Zn atoms, and –c is terminated with O atoms. A conventional way to defi...

Layer V pyramidal cells of the somatosensory cortex operate with two spike initiation zones. Sub-threshold depolarizations are strongly attenuated along the apical dendrite linking the somatic and distal dendritic spike initiation zones. Sodium action potentials, on the other hand, are actively back-propagating from the axon hillock into the apical tuft. There they can interact with local excit...

Conductance based detail biological models of neurons are able to predict various forms of spiking patterns with great accuracy, but the computational resources required to simulate large network of such neurons are still incomprehensible. As an alternative various simplified spiking models of neurons have been proposed. These models achieve computational efficiency through dynamical system tec...

Neural networks typically use an abstraction of the behaviour of a biological neuron, in which the continuously varying mean firing rate of the neuron is presumed to carry information about the neuron's time-varying state of excitation. However, the detailed timing of action potentials is known to be important in many biological systems. To build electronic models of such systems, one must have...

The neurons of the lateral spinal nucleus in the spinal cord of young adult rats were studied in transverse and longitudinal planes using the Golgi-Kopsch method and electron microscope. The perikarya were mainly polygonal or spindle shaped, and measured 20 to 35 μm in the longest diameter. They formed a dense column in the dorsolateral funiculus underneath the pial surface. The dendrites follo...

The lateral vestibular nucleus consists of multipolar isodendritic neurons of various sizes The distal segments of some dendrites display broad expansions packed with slender mitochondria and glycogen particles. These distinctive formations are interpreted as being growing tips of dendrites, and the suggestion is advanced that they are manifestations of architectonic plasticity in the mature ce...