background: the aim of this study was to assess the effects of road deicing salt on the quality of the ground water resources in hamadan province during winter season. methods: water samples were taken monthly from thirty wells located around the hamadan-asadabad highway. the quality of well water was examined by measuring amount of sodium, chloride, total hardness, total dissolved solid, elect...

This annotated bibliography summarizes studies of the rural economic development implications of highway investment. Primary emphasis is on research dealing with rural areas, but some urban studies are also cited. Topics covered include the aggregate economic effects of highway investment, the effects of highway investment on business location decisions and employment expansion, the effects of ...

Each day, CSX Railway allocates hundreds of empty railcars among hundreds of customer car orders. In 1997, it implemented the US rail industry’s first real-time, fully integrated equipment-distribution optimization system, the dynamic car-planning system (DCP). DCP seamlessly integrates operations research modeling into CSX’s process that assigns empty cars to customer car orders. CSX estimates...

The "Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS)" is underway to determine if infants who are exposed to diesel engine exhaust particles are at an increased risk for atopy and atopic respiratory disorders, and to determine if this effect is magnified in a genetically at risk population. In support of this study, a methodology has been developed to allocate local traffic source...

Biologists are nearly unanimous in their belief that humanity is in the process of extirpating a significant portion of the earth's species. The ways in which we are doing so reflect the magnitude and scale of human enterprise. Everything from highway construction to cattle ranching to leaky bait buckets has been implicated in the demise or endangerment of particular species. According to Wilso...

street dusts are suspended particle matters in the air from different natural and anthropogenic sources that may fall out because of their size and density. forty nine street dust samples were collected from some main streets of eastern and southern parts of tehran. one other sample was also collected from iran university of science and technology central campus for comparisons during summer un...

At present, highway transportation is the main mode of in China, but has problem high cost, energy consumption and pollution. Although China put forward development policy public transit railway, it still needs some time to achieve this goal. This paper studies traffic structure from middle level; combined with empirical analysis, concluded that railway transport a greater impact on national in...

This paper deals with an operational technique to specify the utility function in decision-making problems such as road project selection under non-strict uncertainty. We propose here a multi-criteria compromise programming (CP) proxy for utility. As a special case, the CP proxy turns into net present value. A case study on five highway projects aimed at improving transport opportunities in the...

Making appropriate environmental policy decisions requires considering various sources of uncertainty. An air pollution example is formulated as a design optimization problem with probabilistic constraints, also referred to as reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). Environmental applications with a large number of constraints and significant model complexity present special challenges. I...