OBJECTIVE To study the effect of work related variables on the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of working boys aged 10-16 years. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. SETTING Irbid, Jarash, and North Jordan Valley in Jordan. PARTICIPANTS 135 working boys aged 10-16 years and their mothers. OUTCOME MEASURES Height for age z score; weight for age z score; BMI for age z score. RESULTS...

introduction: the role of economic factors in pollution and environmental degradation is one of the major issues in economic and environmental studies that many researchers have addressed in their studies. one of the issues in the field of environment to which less attention has been paid is the effect of economic factors such as the openness of the economy on water resource pollution. in this ...

Historically, development was mostly perceived in terms of economic performance. We have too long been preoccupied with material production and there has been a search for a good measure of it. Surely, per capita income has been proved to be a good candidate and has dominated the scene ever since. One can ask why per capita income? First it is an attractive single indicator for assessing econom...

An econometric analysis of Hong Kong’s monthly per capita water usage for the 25-year period of April 1985 through March 2010 reveals that per capita usage is insensitive to price but dependent upon past usage, per capita income, weather, and seasonal factors, with rising income countering what would otherwise be a downward trend. Given Hong Kong’s current inflationary environment and large gov...

Stylized facts show that average growth rates of US per capita consumption and income differ in recession and expansion periods. Since a linear combination of such series does not have to be a constant mean process, standard cointegration analysis between the variables to examine the permanent income hypothesis may not be valid. To model the changing growth rates in both series, we introduce a ...

In recent years two ambitious historical national account reconstructions of British economic development over the very long run have been published (Broadberry et als 2015, Clark 2010). Broadberry et als estimates national income and per capita income growth using output data while Clark is using income data, that is wage, capital income and land rent data. In principle results from these reco...

BACKGROUND Managing expenditures on pharmaceuticals is important for health systems to sustain universal access to necessary medicines. We sought to estimate the size and sources of differences in expenditures on primary care medications among high-income countries with universal health care systems. METHODS We compared data on the 2015 volume and cost per day of primary care prescription dru...