Heritable individual differences in personality have not been fully accounted for within the framework of evolutionary psychology. This paper argues that personality axes such as extraversion can usefully be seen as dimensions of trade-off of different fitness costs and benefits. It is hypothesized that increasing extraversion will be associated with increasing mating success, but at the cost o...

Prominent computational models describe a neural mechanism for learning from reward prediction errors, and it has been suggested that variations in this mechanism are reflected in personality factors such as trait extraversion. However, although trait extraversion has been linked to improved reward learning, it is not yet known whether this relationship is selective for the particular computati...

OBJECTIVE Previous research on Extraversion and life satisfaction suggests that extraverted individuals are more satisfied with their lives. However, existing studies provide inflated effect sizes, as they were based on simple correlations. In five studies, the authors provide better estimates of the relationship between Extraversion and life satisfaction. METHOD The current study examined st...

This study investigated the relationship between extraversion and rates of acoustic startle habituation, a potential biological marker for individual differences. Personality was measured using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and Tellegen's Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). Higher EPQ Extraversion and higher SSS scores were associa...

A biometrical-genetical analysis of twin data to elucidate the determinants of variation in extraversion and its components, sociability and impulsiveness, revealed that both genetical and environmental factors contributed to variation in extraversion, to the variation and covariation of its component scales, and to the interaction between subjects and scales. A large environmental correlation ...

The main personality theories are those of Cloninger (1987), Eysenck (1987), Costa & McCrae (1990) and Watson et al (1994); and the circumflex models of Wiggins (1979) and Kiesler (1982), the latter being a circular arrangement of interpersonal dispositions around the orthogonal dimensions of dominance (v. submission) and nurturance (v. hostility). Broadly, the first four models encompass three...

This work examines the association between personality dimensions (extraversion and neuroticism) and subjective well-being. Subjective well-being is associated both with extraversion and neuroticism, and currently, neuroticism is generally considered the more important. A total of 368 students from the University of Rovira i Virgili completed the Extraversion and Neuroticism subscales of the re...

For at least 2500 years, some people have been described as more bold, assertive and talkative than others. For almost equally long, this set of behaviors has been thought to have a biological basis and be socially important. Although our taxometric techniques have changed and our theories of biology are more advanced, the question of the causal basis as well as the behavioral consequences of t...

A novel psychological construct characterised by high empathy and dark traits: the Dark Empath (DE) is identified described relative to personality, aggression, triad (DT) facets wellbeing. Participants ( n = 991) were assessed for narcissism , Machiavellianism, psychopathy cognitive affective empathy. Sub-cohorts also completed measures of (i) personality (BIG5), indirect interpersonal aggress...