Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes infect plants and form highly sophisticated feeding sites in roots. It is not known which plant cell signalling mechanisms trigger plant defence during the early stages of nematode parasitism. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are central components of protein phosphorylation cascades transducing extracellular signals to plant defence responses. MAPK phosp...

In central Washington, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt (the sugarbeet cyst nematode) is associated with sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) growing in fine-textured soils, and Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood (the nor thern root-knot nematode) is associated with sugarbeets growing in coarse-textured soils. T h e opt imum soil temperature for reproduct ion on sugarbeets is between 21 and 30 C for H. schachtii ...

A facultative fungal parasite, Arkansas Fungus 18 (ARF18), was isolated from at least 10 different sources of Heterodera glycines in different areas in the United States. Techniques used for isolation and in vitro evaluation of fungal parasites of H. glycines were described. Successful isolation of probable egg parasites depends on isolation from individual eggs. Selective isolation and a simpl...

Sugar Beet Nematode (SBN), Heterodera schachtii, is one of the most destructive pests of sugar beets worldwide. It is present in all sugar beet growing areas of Wyoming and is particularly severe in fields located in close proximity to processing plants where sugar beets have been grown the longest. This soilborne, parasitic nematode attacks and destroys the small feeder roots of sugar beet pla...

Two soybean breeding lines (D82-2397A and J82-190) resistant to Heterodera glycines race 5 produced higher yields (P = 0.05) than the race 4-resistant cultivar Bedford for 2 years when planted in a field infested with H. glycines race 5 at Tiptonville, Tennessee. Yields were not different between D82-2397A and Bedford when planted in fields infested with race 3, race 9, or with no cyst nematode...