The herbal ball has been used as a Thai traditional medicine for relieving many diseases including acne. However, the application process of the herbal ball in practice is complicated and time consuming. The objective of this work was to utilize an herbal ball extract to formulate a gel to reach a more favorable use of the herbal ball for acne treatment. An herbal ball consisting of Andrographi...

BACKGROUND Germany is a country with a high use of herbal medicinal products. Population-based data on the use of herbal medicinal products among children are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence, patterns and determinants of herbal medicine use among children and adolescents in Germany. METHODS As data base served the German Health Interview and Examination Survey ...

This study develops several chemical and physical methods to evaluate the quality of a traditional Chinese formulation, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with electrospray ionization was used to measure the herbal biomarkers of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, and paeoniflorin from this herbal formula. A scanning electron micros...

The aim of the current study was to systematically assess the effectiveness of herbal medicines in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) testing herbal medicines against any type of control intervention in patients with COPD and assessing clinically relevant outcomes were included. The selection of studies, data extraction and validation were p...

poetic analysis involves the explication of a poem by focusing on the process of semiosis in it. through semiosis linguistic meaning is transformed into stylistic meaning. an examination of semiosis brings us to look at the hypersemanticized poetic structures which are none other than the style features of a poem. since style functions in a literary text by conveying meanings other than literal...

The present review deals with practice and regulation of herbal medicines in Europe, United States (US) and India. Herbal medicines are widely used for treatment of human ailments in various systems of medicines like Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Sidha, Unani and other regional systems of medicines. Herbal drug products classification vary from country to country, some categories include functional f...

When is uncoded transmission optimal? This paper derives easy-to-check necessary and suÆcient conditions that do not require nding the rate-distortion and the capacity-cost functions. We consider the symbol-by-symbol communication of discretetime memoryless sources across discrete-time memoryless channels, using single-letter coding and decoding. This is an optimal communication system if and o...

Abstract Error correcting codes can play a key role in improving the efficiency and reliability of wireless communications. Concatenated codes have the advantages that: 1) breaking the task into stages simplifies decoding, and 2) performance is good against clustered bit errors, fading and bursty interference. Reed-Solomon codes (maximum distance codes) have been popular as an outer code of con...

T hroughout history, plants have been used for medicinal purposes and, during the last three decades, we have witnessed a most remarkable revival of herbal medicine. Germany is the country with the largest per head consumption of herbal medicines. In 2002, the 100 best selling products achieved a total turnover of 420 million Euros. This high level of popularity means, among other things, that ...

Although consumer preference for indigenous herbal medications in Nigeria is on the increase, associated microbial hazards have not been documented. This study determined bacterial contents and consumer preferences of such medications. The isolated bacterial species from the indigenous herbal medications assayed from 1998 to 2004 were significant with 24 species identified. Bacteria survival ra...