LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING HERBAL MEDICINES IN THE US As a result of the existing laws and regulations, most herbal remedies (botanicals, phytomedicines) are currently marketed in the United States as dietary supplements, a food category, not as the drugs they are. This situation stems directly from the passage, in 1962, of the Kefauver–Harris Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosme...

Leaf-level photosynthetic processes and their environmental dependencies are critical for estimating CO2 uptake from the atmosphere. These estimates use biochemical-based models of photosynthesis that require accurate Rubisco kinetics. We investigated the effects of canopy position, elevated atmospheric CO2 [eC; ambient CO2 (aC)+240 ppm] and elevated air temperature (eT; ambient temperature (aT...

Two new dibenzocyclooctene lignans, neglschisandrins A-B (1-2), were isolated from the stems of Schisandra neglecta. Their structures and stereochemistries were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques.

Gene flow between domesticated species and their wild relatives is receiving growing attention. This study addressed introgression between wheat and natural populations of its wild relatives (Aegilops species). The sampling included 472 individuals, collected from 32 Mediterranean populations of three widespread Aegilops species (Aegilops geniculata, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis) and compar...

Background: Hand eczema is one of the most common dermatologic diseases requiring treatment but common therapeutics such as corticosteroids and anti-histamines have numerous side effects. So, use of herbal agents, which generally have no major side effects, may be useful especially if their efficacy is established. Malva Sylvestris (MS) is a tropical plant in Iran with cooling characteristics. ...

It is known that many abiotic stresses, such as mineral deficiency, drought, UV-B radiation, wind and low temperatures, alter the quantity and composition of lignin in several species [1]. The aim of this work was to verify if the drought stress may cause changes in the quantity and composition of lignin in Eucalyptus globulus Labill and in the hybrids E. urograndis (E. urophylla x E. grandis) ...

The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic solution extracts of Urtica dioica L. (UD), Malva neglecta Wallr. (MN) plants and their mixture. In this study, flower (UDF), root (UDR), seed (UDS) and leaf (UDL) parts of UD and flower (MNF) and leaf (MNL) parts of MN were used. The antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic extracts and their mixture were evaluated us...

Background Eucalyptus globulus is a widely planted species in temperate regions of the world for pulpwood production. Its good characteristics for kraft pulping in addition to a broad adaptability to different site conditions have led this species to be employed in commercial plantations and to be included in breeding programs [1]. Uruguay has approximately 300.000 hectares forested with E. glo...