Serological markers of hepatitis A and B virus infection were determined by radioimmunoassay in 162 university students. Antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) was demonstrated in 11 of 15 students positive for both antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The presence of anti-HBc alone seemed to denote previous hepatitis B virus infec...

Background: The household transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem. High incidence of HBV infection is observed within the household contacts of HBV carriers. We aimed to evaluate serological markers of hepatitis B infection among family members of HBV carriers in Arak, central Iran. Methods<stron...

One of the cardinal features of the immune response is immune memory: the size of the secondary antibody response to vaccination reflects the amount of immune memory that has been generated in an individual by the priming dose. We construct a mathematical model of the generation of immune memory and antibody in response to hepatitis B vaccines. The model predictions are compared to post-vaccina...

Soon after introducing recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, universal neonatal vaccination became the corner stone of the preventive measures for this potentially life threatening infection (1-3). By 2006 more than 177 out of 193 member states of world health organization (WHO) introduced HBV vaccination in their national infant immunization programs (1). Following a complete series of ...

Hepatitis B remains a global burden, with estimated 15 to 40 percents of infected individuals eventually suffer from liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vaccination aims to form anti-HBs antibody with protective titer to prevent infection. CD4 T cell lymphocytes are known to play a major role in establishing immunity after vaccination. This study aimed to investigate p...

The objective of this study was to determine long-term immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a cohort of adolescents who received plasma-derived HBV vaccine in 1989 and 1990 in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. This was done using a serological survey; primary outcome measures were cut-off titres of HBsAb, and the presence of HBcAb and/or HBsAg. Of 37 adolescents in the cohort, 4 (11%)...

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets B-lymphocytes, and it is widely used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, its use has been implicated in HBV reactivation that's related with the immunosuppressive effects of rituximab. Although the majority of reactivations occur in hepatitis B carriers, a few cases of reactivation have been reported in HBsAg negative patients. However, reac...

Integrated data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) patterns, HBV genotypes and mutations are lacking in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) co-infected patients from Africa. This survey was conducted in 2010-2013 among 762 HIV-1-positive adults from Gabon who were predominantly treated with 3TC-based antiretroviral treatment. HBV patterns were identified using immunoassays detecting total antib...