This paper took an experimental approach and examined island constraints in Korean. Among many island constraints, this study took a Complex NP island constraint, and the experiment was designed with 3 related factors: presence vs. absence of island, matrix clause vs. embedded clause, and scrambling. The analysis results illustrated that the presence/absence of complex NP island did not play a ...

The loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), a songbird that hunts like a small raptor, maintains breeding populations on seven of the eight California Channel Islands. One of the two subspecies, L. l. anthonyi, was described as having breeding populations on six of the islands while a second subspecies, L. l. mearnsi, was described as being endemic to San Clemente Island. Previous genetic stud...

Species richness on island or islandlike systems is a function of colonization, within-island speciation, and extinction. Here we evaluate the relative importance of the first two of these processes as a function of the biogeographical and ecological attributes of islands using the Galápagos endemic land snails of the genus Bulimulus, the most species-rich radiation of these islands. Species in...

The equilibrium shape of a monatomic strained island on a substrate depends on the step free energies and the difference in surface stress between the island and the substrate. For small island sizes the step free energies dominate, resulting in compact islands. Beyond a critical island size, however, the strain energy becomes dominant and the island maximizes its perimeter, resulting in elonga...

this study was conducted to investigation and determine of cadmium (cd) concentration in the liver of platycephalus indicus (flathead) in minab, qeshm island and khamir port (persian gulf). moreover, the effect of season (winter and summer) and sex (male and female) on cd concentration in flathead were investigated. cd concentration sampling was done in two station (minab, qeshm island and kham...

The formation of an island circulation is investigated both theoretically and numerically in light of the dynamics of coastal Kelvin waves and Rossby waves. An island circulation is formed in three stages. First, the direction of the circulation is initiated by the coastal Kelvin wave; second, the transport of the circulation is established by the short Rossby wave dissipated against the easter...

We generalize the level set approach to model epitaxial growth to include thermal detachment of atoms from island edges. This means that islands do not always grow and island dissociation can occur. We make no assumptions about a critical nucleus. Excellent quantitative agreement is obtained with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for island densities and island size distributions in the submonola...

Island systems generally have fewer species than continental areas due to their small size and geographical isolation. Low island diversity reduces the possibility of exportation of island lineages and island systems are not thought to have a major influence on the build-up of continental diversity. However, the view that islands represent the end of the colonization road has recently been chal...

We present an island model that uses different representations in each island. The model transforms individuals from one representation to another during migrations. We show that such a model helps the evolutionary algorithm to escape from local optima and to solve problems that are difficult for single representation EAs. We illustrate this approach with a two population island model in which ...

The purpose of this review is to survey the floristic, ecological and historical research about the Erie Islands and its flora since 1976 and to describe efforts to conserve Erie Island habitats. Island location records, surveys and multi-island inventories reveal that over 1,000 vascular plant taxa are known from the Erie Islands and new records continue to be found. Alvar habitats, rare globa...