(Grossman and Helpman 2004) have emphasized that the incompleteness of contracts in distant input-output linkages fosters agglomeration of downstream and upstream firms in the core region despite wage differential favoring to the periphery. Following this argument, this paper introduces uncertainty in input-output linkages in a NEG framework. We argue that uncertainty involves a coordination co...

General Purpose Technologies (Bresnahan and Trajtenberg, 1995; Helpman, 1998) have been hitherto conceptualized as upstream technical inventions whose downstream commercialization requires sector-specific complementary investments. This article points up the existence of a different class of general purpose technologies that – unlike the classic cases of dynamos, transistors, and computers – or...

in this paper we prove a unique common coupled fixed point theorem for two pairs of $w$-compatible mappings in $s_b$-metric spaces satisfying a contrctive type condition. we furnish an example to support our main theorem. we also give a corollary for junck type maps.

the generalized principal ideal theorem is one of the cornerstones of dimension theory for noetherian rings. for an r-module m, we identify certain submodules of m that play a role analogous to that of prime ideals in the ring r. using this definition, we extend the generalized principal ideal theorem to modules.

In this paper, we give a fixed point theorem for $(psi,varphi)$-weakly contractive mappings in complete $b$-metric spaces. We also give a common fixed point theorem for such mappings in complete $b$-metric spaces via altering functions. The given results generalize two known results in the setting of metric spaces. Two examples are given to verify the given results.

In this paper is introduced a new type of generalization of metric spaces called $S_b$ metric space. For this new kind of spaces it has been proved a common fixed point theorem for four mappings which satisfy generalized contractive condition. We also present example to confirm our theorem.

In this paper we prove a unique common coupled fixed point theorem for two pairs of $w$-compatible mappings in $S_b$-metric spaces satisfying a contrctive type condition. We furnish an example to support our main theorem. We also give a corollary for Junck type maps.

in this paper we study a representation of a fuzzy subgroup $mu$ of a group $g$, as a product of indecomposable fuzzy subgroups called the components of $mu$.  this representation is unique up to the number of components and their isomorphic copies. in the crisp group theory, this is a well-known theorem attributed to remak, krull, and schmidt. we consider the lattice of fuzzy subgroups and som...

in this paper, we introduce the concepts of $2$-isometry, collinearity, $2$%-lipschitz mapping in $2$-fuzzy $2$-normed linear spaces. also, we give anew generalization of the mazur-ulam theorem when $x$ is a $2$-fuzzy $2$%-normed linear space or $im (x)$ is a fuzzy $2$-normed linear space, thatis, the mazur-ulam theorem holds, when the $2$-isometry mapped to a $2$%-fuzzy $2$-normed linear space...

hadamard (or complete $cat(0)$) spaces are complete, non-positive curvature, metric spaces. here, we prove a nonlinear ergodic theorem for continuous non-expansive semigroup in these spaces as well as a strong convergence theorem for the commutative case. our results extend the standard non-linear ergodic theorems for non-expansive maps on real hilbert spaces, to non-expansive maps on had...