Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821–1894) began investigating vision at a time when its study was undergoing revolution. Laboratory experiments were augmenting the long history of naturalistic observations. Instruments stimulus control enabled manipulation and space in ways that had not been possible previously, added to their tally. Vision central issue his early years as an academic,...

1 Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health Institute of Developmental Genetics, Munich, Germany, 2 Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Chair of Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, Munich, Germany, 3 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany, 4 Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Ludwig-Maximilians-...

Weixing Zhu, Jörg Haupenthal, Matthias Groh, Michelle Fountain and Rolf W. 4 Hartmann* b] 5 [a] Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Design 6 and Optimization and [b] Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus 7 C2_3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. [c] Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 8 Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig...

maternal effects mediate impacts of a warming ocean Lisa N. S. Shama*, Anneli Strobel, Felix C. Mark and K. Mathias Wegner Coastal Ecology Section, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f€ ur Polarund Meeresforschung, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Wadden Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List, Germany; and Integrative Ecophysiology Section, Alfred-WegenerInstitut Helmholtz-Zentrum f€ ur Polarund Meeresfors...

The Helmholtz machine is a new unsupervised learning architecture that uses top-down connections to build probability density models of input and bottom-up connections to build inverses to those models. The wake-sleep learning algorithm for the machine involves just the purely local delta rule. This paper suggests a number of different varieties of Helmholtz machines, each with its own strength...

Linear systems which originate from the simulation of wave propagation phenomena can be very difficult to solve by iterative methods. These systems are typically complex valued and they tend to be highly indefinite, which renders the standard ILU-based preconditioners ineffective. This paper presents a study of ways to enhance standard preconditioners by altering the diagonal by imaginary shift...

The effect of specific cavity dimensions of circular concentric Helmholtz resonators is investigated theoretically, computationally, and experimentally. Three analytical models are employed in this study: ~1! A two-dimensional model developed to account for the nonplanar wave propagation in both the neck and the cavity; ~2! a one-dimensional solution developed for the limit of small cavity leng...

The influence of wall elasticity on the response of a Helmholtz resonator is examined by analyzing the canonical case of a thin elastic spherical shell with a circular aperture subject o plane wave excitation. By neglecting the thickness of the wall and representing the elasticity via a "thin shell" theory the problem is reduced to one of solving an integral equation over the aperture for the p...