Abstract I offer a new reconstruction of Hegel's criticism Kant's idealism. Kant held that we impose categorial form on experience, while sensation provides its matter. Hegel argues the matter receive cannot guide our imposition it. Contra recent interpretations, argument does not depend conceptualist account perception or view categories as empirically conditioned. His objection is that, given...

Abstract Hegel conceives of human beings as both natural and spirited. On Robert Pippin's influential reading, we are by being ‘ontologically’ like other animals, but spirited through a ‘social-historical achievement’. I contest the coherence this reading its fidelity to Hegel's texts. For is truth animal. This means that spirit's self-production not, Pippin claims, an achievement animal confer...