The interaction of open and coastal oceans in a midlatitude ocean basin is investigated in light of Rossby and coastal Kelvin waves. The basinwide pressure adjustment to an initial Rossby wave packet is studied both analytically and numerically, with the focus on the low-frequency modulation of the resulting coastal Kelvin wave. It is shown that the incoming mass is redistributed by coastal Kel...

introduction temperature effects on human activities and natural processes are undeniable. temperature increase, in particular, in the form of heat waves affects all facets of life including architecture, welfare, transport, agriculture and industry. when the intensity and frequency of the waves are high, they can produce major problems. in recent years, the number and intensity of these heat w...

Mortality increases during periods of elevated heat. Identification of vulnerable subgroups by demographics, causes of death, and geographic regions, including deaths occurring at home, is needed to inform public health prevention efforts. We calculated mortality relative risks (RRs) and excess deaths associated with a large-scale California heat wave in 2006, comparing deaths during the heat w...

OBJECTIVES While several studies have highlighted and quantified human mortality during the major heat waves that struck Western Europe in 2003 and 2006, the impact on farm animals has been overlooked. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of these two events on cattle mortality in France, one of the most severely impacted countries. METHODS Poisson regressions were used to model the...

In recent years, extreme events related to cooling and heating have taken high resonance, motivating the scientific community to carry out an intensive research activity, aimed to detect their variability and frequency. In this work, we have investigated about the frequency, the duration, the severity and the intensity of heat and cold waves in a Southern Italy high-altitude region, by analysin...

the air temperature trend has been increasing during recent decades, especially in the regions such as iran which is located in dry and semi-dry world belt. in this research we used markov chain to obtain probabilities of heat waves with different continues in kerman province using 20 years daily maximum air temperature data during 1986-2005. we analyzed daily maximum air temperature data of 5 ...

Neurons in the medullary raphe magnus (RM) that are important in the descending modulation of nociceptive transmission are classified by their response to noxious tail heat as ON, OFF, or NEUTRAL cells. Experiments in anesthetized animals demonstrate that RM ON cells facilitate and OFF cells inhibit nociceptive transmission. Yet little is known of the physiology of these cells in the unanesthet...