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Context: No one seriously argues against the common sense notion that physical and mental health problems can profoundly affect learning and performance. The reality, however, is that health concerns are only one set of factors that interfere with success at school, and when a focus on health is advocated as a separate agenda, the efforts tend to be marginalized in school improvement policy and...

OBJECTIVES: To review the role of theory as a means to enhance the practice of quality improvement (QI) research and to propose a novel conceptual model focused on the operations of health care. METHODS: Conceptual model, informed by literature review. RESULTS: To optimize learning across QI studies requires the integration of small-scale theories (middle-range theories, theories of change) wit...

Environmental factors greatly affect human health. Accordingly, environmental metrics are a key part of the community health information base. We review environmental metrics relevant to community health, including measurements of contaminants in environmental media, such as air, water, and food; measurements of contaminants in people (biomonitoring); measurements of features of the built envir...

Social network is a social structure made of individuals or organizations associated with one or more types of interdependence (friendship, common interests, work, knowledge, prestige, etc.) which are the "nodes" of the network. Networks can be organized to exchange information, knowledge or financial assistance under the various interest groups in universities, workplaces and associations of c...

Medication error has been identified as a major factor affecting patient safety. Many innovative efforts such as Computerised Physician Order Entry (CPOE), a Pharmacy Information System, automated dispensing machines and Point of Administration Systems have been carried out with the aim of improving medication safety. However, areas remain that require urgent attention. One main area will be th...

Health care expenditure in Ireland has reached 9.5% of GDP (2009 data). This figure is similar to the UK and is in line with most other European countries apart from France and the Netherlands which are higher at over 11%. In most western societies health spending is rising faster than economic growth, a trend that was first observed in the 1970s and has continued unchecked. The spending on hea...

OBJECTIVE Informatics programs need assurance that their curricula prepare students for intended roles as well as ensuring that students have mastered the appropriate competencies. The objective of this study is to describe a method for using assessment data to identify areas for curriculum, student selection, and assessment improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multiple-choice examination cov...