In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) the disease burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) is rising considerably. Given weaknesses in existing financial arrangements across SSA, expenditure on CNCDs is often borne directly by patients through out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. This study explored patterns and determinants of OOP expenditure on CNCDs in Malawi. We used data from the first round of ...

OBJECTIVES To provide information on hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) knowledge and practices among a cluster of the rural Japanese communities near La Plata in central Argentina, an area with confirmed HPS cases. Particular emphasis was placed on testing the hypothesis that there would be differences between household use of HPS prevention measures based on the head-of-household's knowledge...

OBJECTIVE To examine the changes in Portuguese household food availability from 1990 to 1995. DESIGN Using the DAta Food NEtworking (DAFNE) classification scheme for nutritional and socio-economic variables, data from the Portuguese Household Budget Surveys collected in 1989/90 and 1994/95 were analysed. The mean availability (quantity person(-1) day(-1)) for the total population, by locality...

due to shortage of contemporary written sources and archaeological evidence, our knowledge about different parts of the median society is very incomplete and fragmentary; therefore, a detailed assessment of some related issues such as conditions of women in this period is difficult and sometimes risky. the results of this research, based on the same historical sources and archaeological evidenc...

This study analyzes consumer purchasing behavior of organic fresh fruits and vegetables using the 2006 Nielsen Homescan panel. An ordered logit model was estimated to quantify the impacts of economic and socio-demographic factors on the probability of a household belonging to a specific organic user group—devoted, casual, or nonuser. Results suggest that price and income, to some extent, affect...