The CFTR contributes to Cl⁻ and HCO₃⁻ transport across epithelial cell apical membranes. The extracellular face of CFTR is exposed to varying concentrations of Cl⁻ and HCO₃⁻ in epithelial tissues, and there is evidence that CFTR is sensitive to changes in extracellular anion concentrations. Here we present functional evidence that extracellular Cl⁻ and HCO₃⁻ regulate anion conduction in open CF...

We present results from a study of molecular gas and dust in the vicinity of the Herbig Haro object HH2. Emission from the sub-mm continuum, 12 CO and HCO + was mapped with angular resolutions ranging from 14 ′′ to 5 ′′ (or 0.01 pc at the distance of HH2). The continuum shows an extended dust clump of mass 3.8M ⊙ and temperature 22K, located downstream of the bright optical HH knots. However, a...

We explore millimeter line diagnostics of an obscuring molecular torus modeled by a hydrodynamic simulation with three-dimensional non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (nonLTE) radiative transfer calculations. Based on the results of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulation of the molecular torus around an active galactic nucleus (AGN), we calculate intensities of HCN and HCO rotational lines as ...

Amulti-transition 3mmmolecular line single-pointing and mapping survey was carried out towards 29 massive star-forming cores in order to search for the signature of inward motions. Up to seven different transitions, optically thick lines HCO(1-0), CS(2-1), HNC(1-0), HCN(1-0), CO(1-0) and optically thin lines CO(1-0), CO(1-0) were observed towards each source. The normalized velocity differences...

Serous cells are the predominant site of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression in the airways, and they make a significant contribution to the volume, composition, and consistency of the submucosal gland secretions. We have employed the human airway serous cell line Calu-3 as a model system to investigate the mechanisms of serous cell anion secretion. Forskolin-stimulat...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is useful in evaluation of the clinical condition of critically ill patients; however, arterial puncture or insertion of an arterial catheter may sometimes be difficult and cause many complications. Arterialized ear lobe blood samples have been described as adequate to gauge gas exchange in acute and chronically ill pediatric patients. PU...

We studied the extracellular [HCO ] dependence of two renal clones of the electrogenic Na/HCO 3 cotransporter (NBC) heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We used microelectrodes to measure the change in membrane potential ( D V m ) elicited by the NBC cloned from the kidney of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum (akNBC) and by the NBC cloned from the kidney of rat (rkNBC). We used a two-el...

The heme-copper oxidase (HCO) superfamily includes HCOs in aerobic respiratory chains and nitric oxide reductases (NORs) in the denitrification pathway. The HCO/NOR catalytic subunit has a core structure consisting of 12 transmembrane helices (TMHs) arranged in three-fold rotational pseudosymmetry, with six conserved histidines for heme and metal binding. Using sensitive sequence similarity sea...

Carbonic anhydrases are a widely expressed family of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reaction: CO(2) + H(2)O <=> HCO(3)(-) + H(+). These enzymes therefore both produce HCO(3)(-) for transport across membranes and consume HCO(3)(-) that has been transported across membranes. Thus these enzymes could be expected to have a key role in driving the transport of HCO(3)(-) across cells and epithe...

BACKGROUND Prostatitis is associated with a characteristic increase in prostatic fluid pH; however, the underlying mechanism and its physiological significance have not been elucidated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study a primary culture of rat prostatic epithelial cells and a rat prostatitis model were used. Here we reported the involvement of CFTR, a cAMP-activated anion channel ...