conclusions hbv vaccination in infancy is effective at preventing chronic hbv infection but is less effective at preventing occult hbv infection. similar studies examining the efficacy of adult hbv vaccination in preventing occult hbv have not been performed. this case highlights the importance of carefully determining the hbv status of high-risk individuals, as vaccination history and the pres...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a small and economically packaged double-stranded DNA virus, represents an enormous global health care burden. In spite of an effective vaccine, HBV is endemic in many countries. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) results in the development of significant clinical outcomes such as liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are associated with high mortality rates. H...

background & objectives: hepatitis b is one of the major health problems in the world. health care workers (hcws) are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis b virus. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hbv infection and the immune response to hbv vaccine among the hcws in babol, northern iran. methods: this study was accomplished on 527 hcws and administrative staff working...

we developed an immunogen to stimulate multivalent immunity against hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and hepatitis b core antigens (hbcag). immune responses specific for both hbsag and hbcag play an important role in controlling the infection. hbsag-specific antibodies mediate elimination of virions at an early stage of infection and prevent the spread of virus. the immunogen was constructed...

chronic hepatitis b is still a major public health issue despite the successful prophylactic vaccination attempts. chronicity of hepatitis b virus(hbv) is mainly due to its ability to debilitate host's immune system. therefore, major measures have been taken to stop this process and help patients with chronic hepatitis b infection recover from their illness. while satisfactory results have...

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope protein (S) self-assembles into subviral particles used as commercial vaccines against hepatitis B. These particles are excellent carriers for foreign epitopes, which can be inserted into the external hydrophilic loop or at the N- or C-terminal end of the HBV S protein. We show here that the N-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) of HBV S can be replaced by t...

BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunisation policy in the United Kingdom includes offering vaccines selectively to those at risk by sexual contact. Among genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attenders, homosexual men are offered vaccine, but estimates of the vaccine uptake are required to monitor policy and estimate the possible impact on transmission; heterosexuals are not routinely off...

we read with a great interest the article written by davoodbeglou and colleagues entitled “evaluation of hepatitis b infection prevalence in institutionalized intellectually disabled children” which is recently published in your prestigious journal 1 . the authors concluded that hbv infection is more prevalent among institutionalized disabled children and that we should change our health polici...

background health care workers (hcws) are at high risk for acquisition of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection due to occupational exposure to potentially infectious body fluids. this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hbv markers and vaccination compliance among different categories of hcws in fars province, iran. patients and methods a total of 346 hcws working at gerash and ev...

hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is highly prevalent in thalassemic patients, and this may decrease the serum antibody response to hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccine. there is also some alteration of the immune system in multi-transfused thalassemic patients, as a consequence of iron overload. we investigated whether hcy infection may reduce the effectiveness of hby vaccine in multi - transfused ...