In this paper the effects of uncertainties in the estimation of seismic hazard parameters is considered. These uncertainties are the result of the intricacy of the matter, restriction in identifying the interfering factors and lack of ability in determining the effective elements. One of the methods in estimating the seismic hazard potential is probabilistic method. In this method with the hyp...

the entire land in the southern iran faces problems arising out of various types of land degradation, of which the vegetation type forms one of the major ones. the payab basin (522,470 ha), which covers the lower reaches of mond river, was chosen for a test risk assessment of this type. the different kinds of data for indicators of vegetation degradation were taken from the records and publishe...

A procedure is given for evaluating the toxic threat of selenium to fish and wildlife. Toxic threat is expressed as hazard, and is based on the potential for food-chain bioaccumulation and reproductive impairment in fish and aquatic birds, which are the most sensitive biological responses for estimating ecosystem-level impacts of selenium contamination. Five degrees of hazard are possible depen...