the effects of various methods of probiotic administration in hatchery and on prevention of salmonella enteritidis (se) in broiler chicks was investigated. a total of 150 salmonella free day old chicks (ross 308) were assigned to five experimental groups including control and four in-hatchery probiotic administration method groups comprised of: in ovo injection, oral gavage, spray and vent lip ...

Tarakan City is a hatchery center for giant tiger prawn larvae production. However, the quality of produced still far from expectations, namely free pathogens and capable being resistant to disease. Observation bacterial infection in growth phase was carried out determine cause proper treatment hatchery. The results showed that isolation bacteria prawns post using 3% TSA media obtained 8 isolat...

Abstract The impact of rainfall and light interception by litter on maintenance of surface soil water content is determined in an arid rangeland in Khabr National Park in south-east of Iran. Litter weight sampling is done by 90 square plots, each 1 m2, that are randomly placed within site. After determining the intensity of a typical storm of the region (20 mm/h), the rainfall duration requir...

abstract the addition of manures and chemical fertilizers as soil amendments for the improvement of soil fertility and quality could affect the seasonal changes in the activity of soil microbes and enzymes. this study aimed at investigating the effect of different levels of nitrogen from broiler litter and urea sources on the trend of urease, alkaline phosphatase and saccharase activities in a ...

Pacific salmon hatcheries support important commercial fisheries for Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Chum O. keta in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. State policy mandates that hatchery-produced fish must not negatively impact natural populations, which can occur during mixed via ecological genetic interactions. Therefore, we quantified the spatial temporal overlap of natural- hatcher...

Litter decomposition is a fundamental ecosystem process in which breakdown and decay of plant detritus releases carbon and nutrients. Invasive exotic plants may produce litter that differs from native plant litter in quality and quantity. Such differences may impact litter decomposition and soil respiration in ways that depend on whether exotic and native plant litters decompose in mixtures. Ho...

a USDA/ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059 F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA b USFWS Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA c Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA d Department of Animal and Veterinary Scienc...

Billions of hatchery salmon smolts are released annually in an attempt to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on freshwater habitats, often with limited success. Mortality of wild and hatchery fish is high during downstream and early ocean migration. To understand changes that occur during migration, we examined physiological and endocrine changes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during hatch...

The effect of litter on seedling establishment can influence species richness in plant communities. The effect of litter depends on amount, and also on litter type, but relatively little is known about the species-specific effects of litter. We conducted a factorial greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of litter type, using two woody species that commonly co-occur in boreonemoral forest-...