insects with over 30,000 aquatic species are known as very successful arthropods in freshwater habitats. some of them are applied as biological indicators for water quality control, as well as the main food supply for fishes and amphibians. the faunistic studies are the basic step in entomological researches; the current study was carried out emphasizing on the fauna of aquatic insects in karaj...

background: personnel of military forces have close contact with natural habitat and usually encounter with bite of arthropods and prone to be infected with arthropod borne diseases. the imposed war against iran was one of the most important and the longest war in the middle east and even in the world and military people faced various diseases. the aim of this study was to review prevalence of ...

Leaf-cutting ants are insects that use plant material to grow fungus from which they feed. These fungus-growing ants perform various behavioral activities to establish an environment conducive to the fungus. Among these behaviors are activities that can serve to detect materials harmful to the colony, such as licking, scraping, chopping, etc. However, there are substances that may not be detect...

Neonicotinoid insecticides are a major group and the newest group among insecticides. They permeate the entire body of a plant and show excellent effects for the control of diseases and harmful insects. The history of neonicotinoid insecticides from development to their market release dates back to the late 1800s. Nicotine (Fig. 1), an alkaloid in tobacco leaves, is an early neonicotinoid insec...

Insects were the first animals to evolve powered flight and did so perhaps 90 million years before the first flight among vertebrates. However, the earliest fossil record of flying insect lineages (Pterygota) is poor, with scant indirect evidence from the Devonian and a nearly complete dearth of material from the Early Carboniferous. By the Late Carboniferous a diversity of flying lineages is k...

This article studies the use of task partitioning as a way to reduce interference in a spatially constrained harvesting task. Interference is one of the key problems in large cooperating groups. We present a simple method to allocate individuals of a robotic swarm to a partitioned task, and show that task partitioning can increase system performance by reducing sources of interference. The meth...

This article studies the use of task partitioning as a way to reduce interference in a spatially constrained harvesting task. Interference is one of the key problems in large cooperating groups. We present a simple method to allocate individuals of a robotic swarm to a partitioned task, and show that task partitioning can increase system performance by reducing sources of interference. The meth...

This paper studies the use of a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone as a controlling device in a smart environment. Main focus for the work is partitioning of the functionality and the UI handling between a mobile phone and a smart appliance. There seems to be no single right solution for the partitioning of functions. Instead, there are so many case dependent characteristics that the partitioning o...

Alien insects are increasingly being dispersed around the world through international trade, causing a multitude of negative environmental impacts and billions of dollars in economic losses annually. Border controls form the last line of defense against invasions, whereby inspectors aim to intercept and stop consignments that are contaminated with harmful alien insects. In Europe, member states...