We consider the directed Hausdorff distance between point sets in the plane, where one or both point sets consist of imprecise points. An imprecise point is modelled by a disc given by its centre and a radius. The actual position of an imprecise pointmaybe anywherewithin its disc. Due to the direction of the Hausdorff distance and whether its tight upper or lower bound is computed, there are se...

Hard X-ray observations are crucial to study the non-thermal jet emission from high-redshift, powerful blazars. We observed two bright z > 2 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in hard X-rays to explore the details of their relativistic jets and their possible variability. S5 0014+81 (at z = 3.366) and B0222+185 (at z = 2.690) have been observed twice by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Arra...

The XMM-Newton observation of the narrow-line quasar NAB 0205+024 reveals three striking differences since it was last observed in the X-rays with ASCA. Firstly, the 2–10 keV power-law is notably steeper. Secondly, a hard X-ray flare is detected, very similar to that seen in I Zw 1. Thirdly, a strong and broad emission feature is detected with the bulk of its emission redward of 6.4 keV, and ex...

We present 3−79 keV NuSTAR observations of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636−53 in the soft, transitional and hard state. The spectra display a broad emission line at 5−10 keV. We applied several models to fit this line: A gaussian line, a relativistically broadened emission line model, kyrline, and two models including relativistically smeared and ionized reflection off the accret...

BACKGROUND Recently, the MRI finding of "Modic changes" has been identified as pathologic spinal condition that probably reflects a vertebral inflammatory process (VIP), which coincides with spinal pain in most. We hypothesized that heavy smoking in combination with macro- or repeated microtrauma could lead to VIP. The objectives were to investigate if combinations of self-reported heavy smokin...

Pathogenesis Hoerlein determined that intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) accounted for 2.02% of all diseases diagnosed in dogs (Hoerlein 1952). Incidence of IVDD peaks at 4 to 6 years of age in chondrodystrophic breeds and at 6 to 8 years in nonchondrodystrophic breeds (Priester 1976). The Dachshund had the highest frequency followed in succession by the Pekingese, Welsh corgi, Beagle, Lhasa Ap...

We present the results of spectral fits made to 57 pointed observations of the Galactic black hole candidate and X-ray transient XTE J1650−500, made with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer in 2001 when the source was in a transition from the hard state to the soft state. A strong and variable Fe Kα emission line is detected in these spectra. The line flux varies in a non-linear way with the hard X...

Intradural disc herniation is a rare entity that occurs most commonly in the lumbar spine particularly at L4-L5 region. Most often it is diagnosed intraoperatively in a case of simple intervertebral disc herniation. Contrast enhanced MRI is mandatory for pre operative diagnosis. We describe a case of a 40-year-old female who presented to us with pain lower back, pain in both lower limbs and uri...