This work shows that viral protein fragments are capable of stimulating fish anamnestic immunological responses in leukocytes from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Recombinant protein fragments of glycoprotein and nucleoprotein from the rhabdovirus causing viral haemorrhagic septicaemia of trout (VHSV), were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, Yersinia ruckeri (a trout pathoge...

pasteurella multocida is known as an important heterogenic bacterial agent causes some severe diseases such as fowl cholera in poultry and haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffalo. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed using primers derived from conserved part of 16s-23s rrna gene. the pcr amplified a fragment size of 0.7 kb using dna from nine avian p. multocida  isolates...

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb has been responsible for large-scale fish mortality events in the Great Lakes of North America. Anticipating the areas of potential VHSV occurrence is key to designing epidemiological surveillance and disease prevention strategies in the Great Lakes basin. We explored the environmental features that could shape the distribution of VHSV, b...

The mRNA transcribed from the N gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) of salmonids has been cloned in Escherichia coli and expressed. Fusion proteins were recognized by monoclonal antibody directed against the N protein from the viral particle. A 1212 bp long open reading frame (ORF) coding for 404 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 44590 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence....

A retrospective epidemiological case-control study was performed in Karachi, Pakistan, from January to April 2013. The owners of 217 dairy cattle and buffalo farms from six different locations in Karachi were interviewed. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with the presence of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS). Farms with a history of at least one instance of sudden death ...

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) has, in recent decades, been isolated from an increasing number of free-living marine fish species. So far, it has been isolated from at least 48 fish species from the northern hemisphere, including North America, Asia and Europe, and fifteen different species including herring, sprat, cod, Norway pout and flatfish from northern European waters. The h...

The gene encoding the nucleoprotein (N) and PCR-derived subfragments from viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), a salmonid rhabdovirus, were overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) transformed by recombinant expression vector pET-14b containing N and PCR-generated sub-fragment cDNAs under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Following induction with IPTG, recombinant His-ta...

BACKGROUND Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute septicaemic disease of buffalo and cattle caused by Pasteurella multocida B:2 and E:2. Field outbreaks of HS are known to result in localisation of bacteria in the tonsils of surviving buffalo, confirming that animals can become carriers and the role of respiratory tract in the transmission of the disease. This report describes additional sit...

Juvenile pathogen-free turbot were infected with a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolate recovered from turbot cultivated on the island of Gigha, West Scotland. Mortality of 100% was recorded in fish infected via the intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route. Horizontal transmission of VHSV in sea water was demonstrated by cohabitation of naive fish with i.p. infected fish at a ratio of 1:1. ...