AIMS To investigate skeletal muscle in patients with chronic heart failure and controls, and relate skeletal muscle variables to functional class, exercise capacity, central haemodynamics, muscle strength and medical treatment. METHODS Biopsy from the lateral vastus muscle was obtained in 43 patients and 20 controls. Right sided heart catheterization was performed in 19 patients and maximal e...

In recent years, cognitive neuroscientists have taken great advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a non-invasive method of measuring neuronal activity in the human brain. But what exactly does fMRI tell us? We know that its signals arise from changes in local haemodynamics that, in turn, result from alterations in neuronal activity, but exactly how neuronal activity, haem...

A recent study by Bruhn and colleagues, discussed here, confirms that even high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) - up to 20 cmH2O - may be applied in conditions of moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome. Such levels of PEEP were found to be safe in terms of their impact on cardiac output and adequacy of gastric mucosal perfusion once systemic haemodynamics were stabilized...

The first description of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) was made already in 1897 by Churton [1]. PAVM are abnormal vascular structures that connect the pulmonary arterial bed directly to the pulmonary venous bed, thereby bypassing the pulmonary capillaries and resulting in an intrapulmonary shunt which, depending on number and size of the PAVM, may result in arterial desaturation ...

In multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques are known to be venocentric; in addition, MS lesions and peripheral venous disorders share a number of key features. To date, however, despite the anatomical relationship between MS lesions and the venous system, no information on the intracranial venous haemodynamics of MS is available. Eighty-nine consecutive MS patients (58 relapsing-remitting, 31 secondary...

BACKGROUND Evidence from epidemiological and neuroimaging studies suggests that cerebrovascular disease is associated with depressive disorders in the elderly, but the extent to which it contributes to the pathogenesis of late life depression is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between cerebral haemodynamics and depression in a population based study, using transcranial Doppler ...

This study creates a physiologically realistic virtual patient database (VPD), representing the human arterial system, for primary purpose of studying affects disease on haemodynamics. A low dimensional representation an anatomically detailed network is outlined, and posterior distribution its parameters constructed through Bayesian approach. approach combines both physiological/geometrical con...

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety dexmedetomidine versus ketamine for sedation during awake fibreoptic intubation (FOI) in patients posted elective surgeries. Ninety-eight American Society Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) I–II with difficult airway scheduled surgeries were enrolled after institutional ethics committee approval. Patien...