Experiments with CO2 instantaneously quadrupled and then held constant are used to show that the relationship between the global-mean net heat input to the climate system and the global-mean surface air temperature change is nonlinear in phase 5 of theCoupledModel Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) atmosphere– ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). The nonlinearity is shown to arise from a cha...

General circulation models (GCMs) of the climate system are powerful tools for understanding and predicting climate and climate change. The last glacial maximum (LGM) provides an extreme test of the model’s ability to simulate a change of climate, and allows us to increase our understanding of mechanisms of climate change. We have used a coupled high resolution ocean–atmosphere GCM (HadCM3) to ...

The control run of the Hadley Centre-coupled climate model (HadCM3) is used to establish the sources of multidecadal/ centennial sea level (SL) variations in the northwest Atlantic. It is shown that variations in the sea level for the largest part of this area are related to variations in the thermohaline structure of the upper (c 500 m) part of the ocean. Temperature variations dominate steric...

Satellite measurements of the radiation budget and data from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis are used to investigate the links between anomalous cloud radiative forcing over the tropical west Pacific warm pool and the tropical dynamics and sea surface temperature (SST) distribution during 1998. The ratio, N, of the short...

Understanding links between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and snow would be useful for seasonal forecasting, as well as for understanding natural variability and interpreting climate change predictions. Here, a 545-yr run of the third climate configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (HadCM3), with prescribed external forcings and fixed greenhouse gas concentrations, is used to ex...

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, between about 130 and 70 ka BP, is characterized by climate oscillations consisting of three interstadials two stadials. Many simulations have been performed for the warmest MIS-5e period, but few has made to cover entire MIS-5 investigate variability during this long period. In study, sets snapshot a step 2 covering whole period are with model HadCM3 relative impa...

Abstract This paper was aimed to study the impact of climate change on hydrology Andasa watershed for period 2013–2099. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) calibrated validated, thereby used balance. future scenarios were developed using outputs from Hadley Center Climate Model version 3 (HadCM3) A2 (high) B2 (low) emission Canadian Earth System 2 (CanESM2) Representative concentration pa...

Thermal comfort is quantified in 15 regions using the Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), examining past and future rates of thresholds exceedance corresponding to moderate, high and extreme heat (28 C, 32 C and 35 C respectively). As recent changes to thermal comfort appear to be dominated by temperature and humidity, a WBGT approximation based only on these is used. A new homogenised dataset f...