We established mouse models of extremes in trait anxiety, which are based on selective breeding for low vs. normal vs. high open-arm exploration on the elevated plus-maze. Genetically selected low anxiety-related behavior (LAB) coincided with hyperactivity in the home cage. Given the fact that several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania, and attention deficit hyperactivity disord...

The general concept that during infection of mice the Borrelia burgdorferi surface protein composition differs profoundly from that of tick-borne or in vitro-cultivated spirochetes is well established. Specific knowledge concerning the differences is limited because the small numbers of spirochetes present in tissue have not been amenable to direct compositional analysis. In this report we desc...

Here we summarize the current knowledge on the transfer and accumulation of harmful algal bloom (HAB)-related toxins in cephalopods (octopods, cuttlefishes and squids). These mollusks have been reported to accumulate several HAB-toxins, namely domoic acid (DA, and its isomers), saxitoxin (and its derivatives) and palytoxin (and palytoxin-like compounds) and, therefore, act as HAB-toxin vectors ...

iran and neighboring countries have a very high rate of road accidents with thousands of victims per year. in last 20 years, more than half million iranian were killed in road accidents millions suffering from injuries. as you know unintentional inures are a leading cause of death among children and young adult. “shefa” neuroscience research center is working on different scientific researches ...

Anxiety disorders and substance use disorders are strongly associated in humans. Accordingly, a widely held but controversial concept in the addiction field, the so-called "self-medication hypothesis," posits that anxious individuals are more vulnerable for drug dependence because they use drugs of abuse to alleviate their anxiety. We tested this hypothesis under controlled experimental conditi...

The von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene product (pVHL) associates with the elongin B and C and Cul2 proteins to form a ubiquitin-ligase complex (VCBC). To date, the only VCBC substrates identified are the hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunits (HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha). However, pVHL is thought to have multiple functions and the significance of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha regulation for t...

The numbers of host-adapted Borrelia burgdorferi (HAB) organisms in rabbit skin were assessed by real-time PCR over the first 3 weeks of infection. Maximal numbers were found at day 11, while spirochete numbers decreased by more than 30-fold by day 21. The antigenic composition of HAB in skin biopsy samples was determined by use of a procedure termed hydrophobic antigen tissue Triton extraction...

Evidence indicates that the incidence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) is increasing in spatial extent and temporal frequency worldwide. Cyanobacterial blooms produce highly potent toxins and huge, noxious biomasses in surface Waters used for recreation, commerce, and as drinking water sources. The Interagency, International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (ISOC-H...

BACKGROUND Heparin has anti-inflammatory effects and is often added to the peritoneal dialysis fluid to prevent fibrin formation. Conjugation of heparin to the surface of biomaterials has been shown to improve its biocompatibility. In this study, we describe for the first time an experimental chronic peritoneal dialysis model with repeated dwell studies in non-uraemic rats and evaluate the effe...